Linguistic tales in the Russian language. What is a linguistic fairy tale? Elements of a linguistic tale

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN

SAOU SPO SALAVAT COLLEGE OF EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL TECHNOLOGIES

Linguistic tales

Work performed by: Rakitina S.Yu

The work was checked by: Didukh S.N.

Salavat 2014

Linguistic tales

A tale about a noun and his friends.

Once upon a time there was a noun. His name was Winter.

Suddenly it decided that it was sad to live alone and invited an adjective named Cold to live with it. Several days have passed. They lived a wonderful life: they played together, drank tea with jam, read books to each other. One day they went for a walk. Here comes Winter and Cold, they go and sing a song. And then suddenly a verb comes out to them called Nastupala. The verb was driven out of his house by Autumn. He asked to live with a noun and an adjective. They took him in. And the three of them began to live cheerfully and amicably. So they live together to this day: the verb Has Come, the adjective Cold and the noun Winter. This is where the fairy tale ends.

Tale of the verb

Once upon a time there lived a Verb in the country of Glagolia. He terribly hated the lazy and calm, since he himself did something all day: ran, swam, read, drew, made crafts, built. He could be seen everywhere, where they STUDY, where they WORK, where they HELP. The verb is a great worker, because it DOES and WILL DO everything right for everyone in every sentence. And the verb also DOES NOT love the particle NOT, and therefore stands at a distance from it, i.e. written SEPARATELY: doesn’t like, doesn’t know, doesn’t want - in general, HATES (as an exception) also watches TV, listens to music, keeps himself in order, breathes fresh air, twirls a hoop, drives away laziness, won’t hurt a fly and is very It’s up to you and me how we take into account its change in persons and numbers - these are two ways - roads - 1 and 2 conjugations. And the Verb can do things that no other respected part of speech can do. What? Look: LIVED, LIVED, WILL LIVE. Right! Change with the times. But at times it also happens that the Verb loses its face when it gets EVENING and DARK, BLOWS through the window and you WANT TO SIT BY THE WARM STOVE AND DREAM... The fairy tale has been TELLING for a long time, and I invite you to the land of the VERB, for a morphological analysis, so you’ll put everything in order and put your thoughts in order and help the Verb

Verb and its children
Once upon a time there was a Verb. He was a very active, energetic man: he was all about business, he was constantly doing something. No personal life! He coordinated all his activities with the Noun, managed and commanded other nouns or Pronouns. And next to the Noun there was often an Adjective. This was such a wonderful part of the speech that it was simply impossible not to pay attention to its qualities. And the Verb turned! It was a wonderful union! Beautiful! Both from the qualitative and from the effective side. And from this union a new form of the verb was born: Communion! It was a lovely creature, similar to both dad - Verb and mom - Adjective.
Like a Verb, the Participle denoted the action of an object, only through a sign: unbending, carried, invented, verified. Like a Verb, the Communion had the form: perfect and imperfect, changed according to tenses (present and past tense), but only it did not have a future tense form, and you will find out why later. Like a Verb, a Communion could be reflexive or non-reflexive.
And as an Adjective, the Participle changed according to gender, number and cases, in a sentence it agreed with the noun, in the full form it was most often a definition, and in the short form it was a predicate.
Why didn’t Communion have a future tense form? But because in the future the Verb left this family.
Due to his duty, the Verb more and more often had to communicate with the Adverb. The adverb faithfully served the Verb and denoted its attribute. In its attachments, the Adverb was unchangeable and constant, it simply adjoined the Verb. And the Verb eventually noticed and appreciated it: What kind of adjective? Everything is around the Noun, and around the Noun. And the Adverb is here, here, nearby.
And so a new union was born: Verb + Adverb. Well, their son was born, everyone’s envy! As a Verb, it denoted an action, albeit an additional one with the main one expressed by the Verb. That's why he's a son.
But the action is the same person as the Verb. Answered the questions: what are you doing? Having done what?, he looked: perfect and imperfect. Returnability. But as an Adverb, it did not change, adjoining the Verb. And even as a member of a sentence he answered questions of circumstances, as an Adverb.
This is how the Verb got its derivative special forms. And in our linguistic terminology new terms have appeared: Communion and Participle. Sometimes they are even called independent parts of speech.

Tale of the Adjective

In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, whose name is Morphology, a new resident has appeared in the city of Chastirechinsk.
He was so weak, so pale, helpless, he only asked: “What am I? Whose am I?” Queen Morphology looked at such a miracle and could not decide what to do with it next. On this occasion she addressed all her independent masters - parts of speech:
“My gentlemen are great and independent! Would any of you take custody of a new resident of our state?” But neither the Verb, nor the Adverb, nor the Numeral wanted to take on such a burden: they say, why do we need this? We lived, lived, did not grieve, and here: here you are, grandmother, and St. George’s Day.
Only the Noun felt sorry for the poor fellow: “I’ll take you as my friend, you’ll be attached to me, so to speak. But look, obey me in gender, number, and case! And since I am an object, then you will be my sign! I won’t tolerate another!” oskazkax.ru - oskazkax.ru
And the Adjective (that’s what everyone started calling him now thanks to the light hand of the Noun) and is happy to try: whatever my older friend says, I’ll do it; to obey, so to obey. If only they didn't drive me away.

And the Adjective began to decorate the Noun, singing songs of praise to it: it was kind, and smart, and merciful, and independent... The Noun liked it so much! So they began to live without knowing grief. That’s the end of the fairy tale, and whoever listened, well done.

The Tale of the Appearance of the Adjective

In a certain linguistic kingdom, in a certain lexical state, there lived a king and a queen. His Majesty the king named Verb was very decisive. Sometimes his faithful, permanent ministers Conjugation and Vid were not always able to keep up with his actions. The beautiful queen (and her name was Noun) demanded that her ladies-in-waiting Declension and Number and pages Gender and Case copy down every day all the objects in the kingdom, dividing them into animate and inanimate, proper and common nouns.

One day, her godmother, the sorceress Pronoun, came to visit the queen. Having visited many countries, she was immediately struck by the boring, monochromatic color of everything that was in the realm of the Verb and the Noun. All the objects around were only gray: gray walls, gray furniture, gray plants grew on the gray ground, gray birds frolicked in the gray sky. All the luxurious royal outfits were also gray! The godmother decided to change life in the kingdom at any cost.

Pronoun gave the queen a miracle seed and ordered it to be planted in a pot that same day. Noun could not disobey her beloved godmother! She called her maids of honor and pages and told them to plant a wonderful seed, water it and protect it.

Miracles began to happen immediately. A sprout immediately emerged from the seed and grew by leaps and bounds! The sprout was bright green. Every now and then, fantastic leaves appeared on it and, in front of the surprised eyes of the queen, her ladies-in-waiting and pages, blossomed. Then, one after another, buds began to hatch, which turned into flowers of indescribable beauty. The miracles didn't end there!

Flowers began to turn into fairy-tale Elves. As the magical plant grew, the entire palace was filled with hundreds, thousands of rainbow-colored winged creatures. Each of them was unique in its beauty! The elves sat on the queen’s lush gray dress, and it became fabulously beautiful, shimmering with all the colors of the rainbow. Noun could not contain her delight at what was happening!

The elves turned to the queen with a request for permission to serve her forever, to be WITH her both day and night, to become her servants. Noun agreed, but asked to fulfill one of her conditions - the Elves must be like her loyal subjects in everything: Declension, Number, Gender and Case. The elves gladly fulfilled the queen's request!

And for their loyalty and devotion, the desire to imitate Her Majesty’s subjects in everything, the queen gave them the affectionate name “Adjectives”, which means being at Noun, in everything lag those based on Declension, Number, Gender and Case, bright, touching body…

This is how Adjectives still live in the realm of the Noun. And the kingdom became bright, prosperous...

The tale of the particle

In the Grammar Kingdom, in the Morphological State, in the city of Parts of Speech, in the house of Particles, there lived the particle He. Either she didn’t live, or she didn’t live in the City, or she didn’t live in the State. You won't understand. It doesn't matter. This is a fairy tale. She was such an unpleasant and absurd person that no one could find a common language with her. And, despite the fact that it is an auxiliary part of speech, it was so proud, capricious and arrogant that even independent parts of speech were afraid of it, not to mention its neighbors, prepositions and conjunctions.

Ne's relationship with verbs was especially bad. Somehow he comes to the Unverb Work, and she immediately tells him: “Don’t work.” And having taken a sip, the verb leaves with nothing. The same story happened with other verbs: study, watch, walk. They can't do anything about the nonsensical particle. We decided to hold a general meeting of Verbs and put the question bluntly: either the particle will not work, or evict it from the Grammar Kingdom. No sooner said than done. A formidable detachment of Infinitives and other verb forms came to the house of the particle He. But they were completely disappointed. She didn’t come, didn’t listen, didn’t perform. And she also invited defenders. They are somehow strange: on their heads there are huge consoles with the sign no, but you yourself won’t understand who they are. To be healthy, to be a year old, to hate, to fall in love, to will, to wonder. This is what these strange creatures said: “We will not give you a piece of our beloved, neither we nor our relatives can live without her, so we will live in her house and protect her from all attacks, and if you don’t like her, go away and live without her."

Since then, Verbs cannot stand this malicious lady - the particle He, and if they have to meet her in a Sentence, they try to move away from her, at least one space, but as long as they are not nearby.

But this is not a fairy tale, but only a saying. The fairy tale will be ahead. And not a fairy tale, but a whole detective story.

In the meantime, let's remember, after completing the first task, by what rules do particles and verbs live in the country of Grammar?

One day, trouble came to the city with such a poetic name Parts of Speech. Words began to disappear. So you look, there was Happiness, there was a Kind man and everything was Good, and suddenly everything disappeared. There is only Trouble all around, Evil people, things are going from bad to worse. The independent parts of speech were worried about what to do, what to do. We decided to ask Elder Glagol whether he had seen the missing people, whether he knew about the mysterious disappearances and what to do next, where to look for words that were so necessary for everyone.

“I don’t know,” the verb answered and moved away from the particle Not by one space. But the particle Not stood nearby, and the Verb could not tell the whole truth. And then he was found: - Dear neighbors, I can’t help but know that we need to look for particles of He in the possessions.

The particle not only flashed its eyes with anger. And you probably already guessed that these were her tricks.

And then all the Parts decided to call detective Rule to send him to the house of the particle Do not restore order. The Rule came not alone, but with the Algorithm and immediately went to the scene, to the house of the particle He, to find out the reasons for such a mysterious disappearance of individual words from the city of parts of speech.

The Nouns lived in the first apartment. The Rule and the Algorithm went there and grabbed their heads. Who was there? There was Misfortune here, there was also Not Happiness, but Trouble, there was an Ignorant and a Slob, there was not even a Table here. The algorithm took matters into its own hands, remembered all the relevant rules and quickly put things in order. First, he invited all nouns that had or implied oppositions to go to a separate room. Then he ordered all the slobs and ignoramuses to sit quietly and keep their heads down. And only then I decided to deal with such conscious nouns as happiness, friend, order. The algorithm said: “Friends, you are free! You can live peacefully and not worry about the particle anymore.” But the nouns became sad: “You see, algorithm, we can’t just get away from the particle not. During the time we lived here, we became related to her, and now she is not a part of us, but a prefix. And the console is your own child, you can’t just leave it like that. And we have synonyms, they can confirm our words.” The synonyms nodded in unison: “That’s it, no deception.” The algorithm was forced to agree, but warned: “Just hold your prefixes not close to you so that the students do not confuse you with the opposition, and do not write the prefix Not separately.” “Okay, okay, synonyms will help us, they don’t have Ne.”

Guys, tell me what rules the algorithm remembered? And what does opposition and synonyms have to do with writing not with nouns?

Repeat the rule about spelling not with nouns.

Rule was pleased that his assistant dealt with the particle Not in the apartment of nouns so quickly that, citing being busy in other sections of Grammar and saying: “You’ll figure it out for yourself, the rules are the same here,” he left the scene of the crime. There is only one algorithm left. It will be difficult for him without the Rule, but we will help him. Really, guys.

Entering the neighboring apartment, and the adjectives lived there, the algorithm saw the following characters:

Sloppy, not made of wood, not a wide river; not a wide, but a narrow river; It's not a wide river at all.

Guys, let's compare these adjective heroes with nouns.

Do the spellings of non-nouns and adjectives have anything in common?

A TALE ABOUT PRONOUNS.
In the thirtieth kingdom in the thirtieth state there was a large country. And this country was called the Land of Pronouns. And there were both large and small cities in this country. And the names of these cities were - Personal, Reflexive, Possessive, Demonstrative, Interrogative, Relative, Negative, Definitive and Indefinite. And there lived in this fabulous country a great variety of pronouns. And they settled in cities according to their interests and characters.
This is how personal pronouns lived in the city of Personal. Proud and independent residents of Ya live on Yakolki Street. When they get married, they change their last name to WE. Well-mannered adults live on Tykolka Street - YOU and their mischievous children - YOU. On Druzhnaya Street live brother HE, sister SHE and their fantastic animal IT. They are always seen together and are simply called – THEY.
The smallest city in the country is Vozvratny. Only one family lives in it - the selfish ones, as they are called in other cities. Because all they do is talk about themselves and love only THEMSELVES.
The third city is Possessive. Very friendly residents live in this city - the pronouns are MY, YOUR, HIS, HER, OUR, YOUR, THEM, YOURS. They are always ready to help not only residents of their city, but also residents of the entire country.
In the city of Index live the most ill-mannered pronouns. All they do is point at each other and say: THIS, THAT, THAT.
The most inquisitive residents of the country gathered in one city. They constantly ask each other and everyone who comes to them questions: WHO? WHAT? WHICH? WHAT? WHICH? WHOSE? HOW MANY? Therefore, they gave their city the most correct name - Interrogative.
But in the city of Relative there are no questions. Very calm residents live there, although outwardly the words they pronounce are similar to the words of their neighbors: WHO, WHAT, WHAT, WHAT, WHICH, WHOSE, HOW MANY. They just say them calmly. For example, this is how a mother can say to her naughty child: “Oh, once again you don’t listen to me...”
In the city of Definitive there are all sorts of different pronouns. They have very different interests, but they are all very kind and hard-working residents: EVERYONE, EVERYONE, EVERYONE, HIMSELF, MOST, OTHER, ANY, OTHER.
The most stubborn pronouns live in the city of Negative. They never agree with anyone and always deny everything: NOBODY, NOTHING, NOBODY, NOBODY, NOBODY, NOTHING. They often say: “No one, no one saw anything. Nobody took anything. And in general I don’t know anything.”
The very last city in the Land of Pronouns is the city of Undefined. The residents of this city have one favorite fairy tale. Which begins with the words: “IN SOME kingdom, in SOME state, there lived SEVERAL SOMEONE and SOMETHING. SOMEONE SOMEWHERE saw something beautiful, but he won’t tell you or me about it...”

Dispute between subject and predicate

Subject and Predicate met in a sentence. The subject says to the predicate:
- I am more important than you. After all, I am the one who names what is said in the sentence. No wonder my middle name is Subject.
“No,” said the Predicate, “you’re saying it wrong.” After all, without you there can be a proposal, but without me there can be no proposal.
- How is this “no”? For example, the sentence “Winter”. After all, you are not in it!
- You're wrong. I'm just in zero shape here. And take other forms of this sentence: “It was winter,” “There will be winter.” You see, I appeared. But I can do without you in the proposal. For example, “It’s cold outside.” This sentence only has a predicate, but no subject, and it’s not needed here.
Then the Subject became upset:
And I thought that I was the main thing.
“Don’t be upset,” the Predicate reassured him. - After all, when you are in a sentence, it is you who indicate in what form I should stand. We're both in charge. It’s not for nothing that we are called the basis of the sentence, or the predicative core.

Suffixes -CHIK and -SHCHIK

“Once upon a time there were suffixes -CHIK and -SHCHIK, and they raised bees together in an apiary. The fact is that both of them loved to eat honey. Oddly enough, one of them was constantly stung by bees, they flew at him, buzzing: “D-T -Z-S-ZH, D-T-Z-S-ZH". The suffix -SHCHIK ran away from them in tears. But his brother, the suffix -CHIK, was loved by the bees very much and treated to honey. Recently, the suffixes have agreed that Only -CHIK will collect honey, and SHCHIK will come to visit him and gorge himself on his favorite delicacy. However, until now, -CHIK avoids the apiary. As soon as he hears “D-T-Z-S-Z”, he runs as fast as he can. away, so he visits his brother very rarely.”

Grumpy princesses PRE and PRI

Queen Prefix gave birth to twin daughters. One was named Pre-, and the other Pri-. And they are so grumpy and arrogant that every day there is an argument between them about which of them is more important.
“I,” shouts Pre-, because I denote a superlative degree.
“And I mean approaching and joining,” Pri answers proudly.
“But I completely replace the esteemed prefix Per-,” Pre- grinned smugly.
“But the meaning of the incompleteness of action cannot be done without me,” Pri- declares in her tone.
While they were arguing among themselves, red ink flowed like a river in student notebooks. The Queen Mother was tired of this, and she said that if her daughters did not stop arguing and mixing things up, they would have to be evicted from the country of Grammar to the dictionaries.
But the princesses did not want to hear anything, and the dispute between them continues to this day.

The Tale of Punctuation Marks

Once upon a time in the field of Punctuation Punctuation marks. They once argued about who was more important.

Dot said:

I'm the most important because I finish the sentence. And a declarative sentence tells people a lot of important information.

No, I’m the most important,” Question Mark said loudly. “If I stand at the end of a sentence, it will be interrogative, and people cannot talk to each other without questions.” After all, every question generates an answer, and therefore new thoughts.

Here Uncle Syntax intervened in the dispute:

You are all important. Each of you communicates certain information in a certain sequence, which is very important to each person.

Since then, punctuation marks have lived together.

Krivoy Rog secondary school of І-ІІІ degrees No. 99

Russian language teacher and

foreign literature

specialist of the highest category

Lysyakova Tamara Nikolaevna,

school students s

Krivoy Rog-2017

Inguletsk district department of education

Krivoy Rog secondary schoolschool of І-ІІІ degrees No. 99

l literature, specialist highest category , senior teacher

Reviewers: Mladenova A.G., methodologist of RONO

Bulgakova N.Yu., director KZSh No. 99

І. Features of a linguistic fairy tale: 1
A linguistic fairy tale explains to us the laws of language.
It is characterized by fairy-tale elements, magical transformations, fairy-tale heroes. Of course, she took a lot from folklore fairy tales.
The composition of linguistic fairy tales consists of: a saying, a beginning, a fairy tale action and an ending.

ІІ. The difference between a linguistic fairy tale from ordinary, folklore.
The linguistic tale is instructive.The plot is based on linguistic
concepts. She happens to bea kind of fairy tale.
Heroes are letters or words.The heroes are in a special place - a kingdom, a kingdom. All of themdifferent - strong, kind, capricious, unpredictable...
In linguistic fairy tales it is impossiblemake factual errors (knowledge
Russian language, knowledge of linguisticmaterial, all the conditions for writing thator other spelling is required.Otherwise, you will write the wrong fairy tale).

ІІІ. Writing algorithmnialinguisticallyOuchfairy taleAnd
* Determine who the fairy tale is intended for and in what situation will

told.
* Select linguistic material, information about linguistic

concept.
* Think about what heroes will act.
* Think over the composition, come up with a plot.
*Make a plan.
* Write down the story. If necessary, do illustration.
*Check for logical or factual errors.
* Edit the text.
* Prepare for oral reproduction, think about what gestures

(body movements) will be appropriate, how the voice will sound.
* Rehearse your speech.

І V. Collectionlinguistic fairy tales (students’ works) 2

A linguistic tale about morphemes

In the kingdom of Morphemics there lived amazing significant units of language - the smallest ones, without which words in the Russian language cannot exist - MORPHEMES. Each of them had their own habits, their own character and even their own name. For example, that morpheme that always jumped forward and stood before the main significant unit in a word was called a Prefix. He was so proud, so inaccessible that no one was with him.

did not argue, and only the main significant unit of the word - the Root, considering the Prefix his friend, could make comments to him and stop his boasting.

The suffix was not always self-confident and often downplayed everything: it could turn a river into a small river, a hand into a little hand, a book into a little book. And everything would be fine, only sometimes the words became offensive, because with the advent of a suffix in this word, it radically changed its meaning; The suffix could give the word offensive a diminutive and affectionate meaning: a beautiful fence turned into just a fence, or a little fence, and a delicious big pie, which all the students in our class could eat, turned into a small pie, and not even one person could get enough of it. But sometimes the Suffix also began to boast and exaggerate, and then the eyes became scary and ugly eyes, the hands became little hands, and the wolf, which many literary heroes were already afraid of, became a wolf.

Because of its shyness, the Suffix never rushed forward and appeared in the word after the Root, and sometimes even after other Suffixes.

All Morphemes were already accustomed to the fact that when they all gathered together in one word, the small significant part of the word, which called itself the Ending, was always located at the end of the word, and sometimes the words pushed it away and said that it had no place here. So

unchangeable words came - Adverbs: equally, quickly, up and others, and the ending, without being offended, went to the side.

Couldn't make friends with another significant one 3

part of the word being modified - the Base. She did not want to stand next to the ending and when parsing a word she always separated all the morphemes of the word from the ending, underlining the part of the word without the ending from below with a solid bold line.

But for some reason everyone got used to it and didn’t want to change anything, and only sometimes turned to Root for advice, because he is the main significant part of the word, which contains the general meaning of all words with the same root.

This is how they still live in the kingdom.language all these little Morphemes,

each of which has its own name, its own place and its own meaning. They don’t argue, they don’t fight, they don’t offend each other, as if they want to tell us: “Live together, children! Remember! Each of you has your own role and your place on Earth and in life!”

Linguistic fairy tale “Who is in charge?”

Morphemes. Root.

Do you believe in miracles? Has anything unusual ever happened to you? But something amazing and fabulous happened to me recently, which gave me confidence that miracles happen in our school life!

Russian language teacher Tamara Nikolaevna gave us a task: to repeat for the next lesson All rules about morphemes of the Russian language and their meanings. I came home and started studying. It's your turnto the Russian language. I took a textbook out of my briefcase, put a notebook of creative works in front of me, in which we write down rhyming rules on the topics we are studying... And I had just opened the textbook on the right page when I felt that my eyes were closing by themselves, and my eyelids

stick together. I had no strength to fight the urge to take a nap, so I fell asleep

I woke up a few minutes later from some incomprehensible rustling: either small bells in the distance were ringing louder, sometimes dying out completely; or something was grinding. I listened and heard a quiet

talk. I looked closer and saw how on the open textbook 4

Russian language for 6th grade, with their little legs dangling in shiny boots, tiny people are sitting and having a conversation with each other, which sometimes turns into an argument. I carefully, so as not to give myself away with a single movement, watched them, and they continued the conversation.

Don't you know that Root is the main morpheme among us. It contains the general meaning of all related words. “We won’t be friends with the Root, and everything in our life will be disrupted,” said the strangest of all the little people that I managed to see. “Just imagine what you will do if the Root doesn’t stand behind you!” Take at least the words fly in, or fly in. Remove the root -YET- from them, and what remains? In the first case: come, in the second – stick. But there are no such words in the Russian language, they are not even words, because they do not carry any lexical meaning! And you, Prefix, keep bragging that you are the most important thing in the word, and it cannot exist without you. I’ll prove to you that it’s very possible, look: it can fly. This word does not have a Prefix at all, that is, you, but the word feels great without you. Another thing is that you, Prefix, can form new words, that’s why you are a Word Former.

I don’t know how their argument would have ended, but then the pen fell out of my hands, the little men shuddered and disappeared, as if they had dissolvedon the pages of the textbook. For a few more minutes I was at a loss. What is this? Dream or reality? But whatever it was, fairy-tale characters reminded me of morphemes, significant parts of a word, their role, meaning and place in a word. The rhyming rules that I had learned before began to ring in my ears:

The root is the main significant part, family ties give the root power,

Choose your line of kinship skillfully: choose words with the same root!

And another thing: Behind the root, the suffix warmed the place,

He pleased not with a word, but only with a word.

The big river turned into a small river,

The forest becomes a forester, but the stove is just a stove! 5

Oddly enough, the rules were remembered one after another easily. This is what it means to teach them confidently, seriously, consolidating and developing your memory!

The fairy tale was written by a student of class 6-A Antipenko Yulia

A linguistic tale about the root of a word

This fabulous story happened a long time ago. Not every person can determine in which country this happened, but only those who know the Russian language well and are friends with it. But you, my interlocutor, don’t worry, everything can still be fixed, and I will help you with this. I'll tell you a story. Listen and remember!

This fabulous country lives on the pages of a Russian language textbook, and its name is Morphemics. The word “morphe” itself, from which its name comes, was born in ancient Greece and means “form”.There are few kingdoms in this country, but each of them is ruled by its own kings and queens, who believe that only their kingdoms are the most beautiful, the most amazing, and the wisest and most unique inhabitants live in them.

This is exactly what King Root thought, whose kingdom was the largest in Morphemic both in terms of territory and number of inhabitants. And all this is because Morphemics called it the main significant unit of the language among other smallest significant units that make up the words of the Russian language. Without his participation, nothing happened in Morphemics, new words were not formed, much less related or the same root, because King Root was so able to manage his kingdom that he held all the power in his hands - the general meaning of related words. A"relatives"

there were a lot of him, he respected all of them and settled families of related words in separate cities, each of which was different from the others.

So in the Flower City lived Flowers, Flowers, Flowers, and they had colored houses and flower meadows near the houses. And the trees around had colorful leaves. And the paths in the gardens and squares were also colorful. And in the Forest City everything was fabulous: the forest, forest glades,

forest belts with tall green grass and small fluffy 6

Christmas trees, and in this Forest City lived unusual but friendly residents - the Lesoviki. Lesovichki, who loved to play and have fun.

In the Water City there lived Voda, Voditsa, Vodichka, various Vodyans, water lilies and water lilies grew, and in the backwaters there were mustachioed catfish, which sometimes looked out of the water. And the inhabitants of different cities in the kingdom, which was ruled by Root, never were at enmity with each other, but lived in harmony. You will ask why?"

Yes, because all the residents of these cities knew that the same kind heart beats in their chests, that they are all related to each other.

And some of them even had two hearts, two roots, for example, in words

PEDESTRIAN, PLANE, ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE, CHAIR – BED. Such words are called complex in Russian.

I also want to tell you that words with the same root are often used as a means of connecting sentences in the text.

Now you know a lot about Morphemics and the Root, the main significant part (morpheme) of a word. If you want to know about others, I’m ready to tell you, but that will be the next time we meet.

The fairy tale was written by 6th grade student Alexander Tkachuk

Parts of speech

Ball of parts of speech

Once upon a time, long ago, there was an empire in the world called the Russian language. But the mighty empire fell apart as a result of internecine wars into separate principalities - kingdoms. Parts of speech lived in them - independent and auxiliary, but each lived on its own, without communication. And none of them dared to be the first to build a bridge of friendship.

Finally the Verb could not stand it. He decided that he would hold a big ball in his principality, to which he would invite all parts of speech. So he did. He really wanted to help the empire regain its power.

All parts of speech came to the ball. First to arrive 7

Noun, then Adjective and all other parts of speech.

The music started playing. The waltz melody captivated everyone. Verb invited to the waltz tour Noun. They were spinning around so merrily, smiling so sweetly at each other, that they didn’t notice anyone or anything. Touched the Name Adjective, slightly pushed the Pronoun. The Noun did not notice how it stepped on the Particle’s foot. She got angry and said: “Don’t offend the official parts of speech! Be civil and polite with us!”

And the formative particlesb And wouldadded: “If we weren’t at this ball, then you wouldn’t have had as much fun.”would».

Here modal particles gave their voice: “Can independent parts of speech understand us, because they are so important. What a pity that there is no friendship between us. And all because we live in different principalities!”

Yes,” King Verb entered the conversation. - You're right. We all need to live in peace and harmony, only then will our empire of the Russian language be powerful.

And the interjection exclaimed:

Oh, how wonderful it is when you have friends!

And all the parts of speech at this ball decided that they would live in friendship and harmony together, and not in different principalities, because not a single part of speech could exist alone.

The fairy tale was written by Russian language teacher T.N. Lysyakova.

A linguistic tale about a noun

In the kingdom of Morphologylived different parts of speech. They often met each other, argued, talked, but most importantly, they knew how to be friends with each other.

The kingdom was ruled by wise and fair Morphology. One day she decided to hold a holiday in her kingdom so that the parts of speech could get to know each other better, study the customs, mores, and characteristics of each. She sent messengers with news of the holiday to each of their parts of speech.The messengers were the first to notify the Noun:

Queen Morphology invites you, dear 8

Noun, for a wonderful holiday of parts of speech. The celebration will take place tomorrow evening in the silver hall on the second floor of the castle, the messengers said.

Oh, how wonderful! - exclaimed the Noun. After all, really, without me this holiday will not be so beautiful and cheerful, because I am such a part of speech that denotes objects, people, animals... Everyone turns to me with questions: who? What? Only I am my own and a household name.

We, Nouns, love change very much, therefore we change according to cases and numbers, we can belong to one of three genders - masculine, feminine and neuter, and even be of a common gender; we are animate and inanimate. We are also fickle in other ways: we can be 1. 2,

3rd declension, as well as indeclinable and heterodeclinable.

There are more of us, Nouns, in speech than other parts of speech. Look, even in your invitation there are many more words - Nouns!

We are not arguing with you, dear Noun. Come to the holiday, and there you will understand and learn everything you need,” the messengers said, gave the invitation and left. And the Noun began to prepare for the holiday. The author of the tale is Lysechko Alexander, a student of grade 6-B

A linguistic tale about the combined and separate spelling of the particle NOT with nouns

A long time ago it was... In the kingdom of the Russian language, the parts of speech lived together and never quarreled. And no one will remember how this happened, but the parts of speech were divided into main ones - independent and service, and they began to live in different castles of the kingdom, rarely meeting each other. Each part of the speech understood that this could not continue for long, but no one took the first step towards reconciliation.

And then one day the Noun decided:

It is necessary to hold a general meeting of all inhabitants of the kingdom. Announce 9

about this on radio, television, in the press. And so it did. The meeting was scheduled for 12 noon on the average day of the week - Wednesday.

From all the castles, all parts of speech - independent and auxiliary - came out onto the square. Noun stood up on the podium and began to speak:

In the kingdom of the Russian language there live different parts of speech. Each of us

has its own morphological features and its own grammatical role in a sentence, in speech. For some it is more important, basic, while for others it is a service issue.

“Here, here they are again offending us, particles,” said the Negative Particle Not. “We, particles, conjunctions, prepositions are small and remote.Don't consider us second-class! Where particles do NOT appear near

By you, Nouns, together with the conjunctionA, your spelling changes, because we, the particles NOT, are written separately with you if there is an opposing conjunction in the sentenceA.

- Sorry,” said the Noun, “I wasn’t paying attention to that.”

- Ignorant, said the unionA, you can’t tell a lie!

The Noun continued:

We would like to live with you, negative Particles, in friendship as we do

we live with those particles that have become prefixes or part of the root, because then we are one whole word with them, sometimes we cannot even do without each other, as, for example, in the words: ignoramus, scoundrel, slob, hatred; or we can exist separately, but we don’t want to separate. You can check this by replacing the word with a synonym withoutNOT: foe (enemy), bad weather (bad weather), failure (failure)

No, - said the negative Particle decisivelyNOT. That’s why we are auxiliary parts of speech, because we serve to negate the meanings of words in a sentence. And we will live in separate castles and be written separately with such parts of speech as Noun, Adjective,

Participle if there is a conjunction in the sentenceA, and with Verbs – 10

always separate!

This is how independent and auxiliary parts of speech still live in the Russian language.

The fairy tale was written by Tkachuk Alexander, a student of grade 6-A

A linguistic tale about combined and separate spelling NOT with nouns

A long time ago there was an empire in the world called the Russian language. But the mighty empire fell apart as a result of conflicts into separate principalities. Independent and auxiliary parts of speech lived in them

One day King Verb ruled the ball. He invited all parts of speech to attend. To finally decide how to live further and how to restore the former power of the empire of the Russian language.

The music started playing... The first round of the waltz The Verb danced with the Noun. They were spinning so happily that they did not notice how they touched other dancing parts of speech. The noun lightly stepped on the particle's foot. And the particle said, angryNot: “Don’t offend the official parts of speech! Be polite to us! We, particles, conjunctions, prepositions, are small and remote. Where we appear next to you

together with the union A, your spelling changes because we are particlesNOT, we write with you separately if there is an opposing conjunction in the sentenceA.

Sorry,” said the Noun, “I didn’t notice you.”

Ignorant, said the unionA, - you can’t tell a lie.

We would like to live with you, negative particles, in friendship, as we live with those particles that have become prefixes, or part of the root, because then we are one whole word with them, sometimes we cannot even do without each other, as, for example, in words: ignoramus, slob, hatred... Or we can exist separately, but we don’t want to part. You can check this by replacing the word with a synonym withoutNOT: foe (enemy), adversary (enemy),

failure (failure). 11

No, said the negative particle decisivelyNOT. - We are auxiliary parts of speech because we serve to negate words or their meanings in a sentence, so we will stay away from you and write separately.

The Verb never managed to combine independent and auxiliary parts of speech, which is a pity, because then spelling in Russian became much simpler!

The fairy tale was written by Sofia Pakhomova, a student of grade 6-A.

Linguistic fairy tale “How did parts of speech appear?”

Once upon a time, long ago, in the kingdom of Morphology, there lived Grandfather and Baba.

Grandfather - Russian language, woman - Morphology. And they had no wealth - no gold - silver, no relatives - loved ones.

One day Grandfather says to Baba:

Eh, Baba, you and I live alone, and no one asks us questions:WHO we are like that and WHATwe do everything in the world, and there is no one for us to answer them.

Oh, Grandfather, I myself would be glad to have at least a small Noun, but where can I get it?

And you scrape through dictionaries, take notes from encyclopedias, read textbooks, because you’re literate, maybe you’ll find something!

The woman checked the dictionaries, scribbled through the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, opened the textbook for the 6th grade edited by Balandina, read it, and now...

blinded by a certain Kolobok.

Grandfather and Baba were delighted and gave Kolobok a name - Noun.

And Grandfather and Baba began to teach the Noun to talk. The grandfather, pointing to the object, asks: “Who is this?” or “What is this?” Baba says the name of the object, and the Noun listens and remembers everything.

The name Noun grew up, and he became bored: they ask him the same questions, they name the same objects... Grandfather Russian Language and Baba Morphology noticed this and they decided to make other koloboks so that the name Noun would have friends.

This is how parts of speech appeared in the kingdom of Morphology - 13

name Noun, Adjective name, Numeral name, Verb, Pronoun, Adverb.

And soon the name Noun asked Grandfather and Baba to once again scribble through the encyclopedia, scrape through dictionaries and make new friends for them, which they so lacked - Service Parts of Speech.

But that is another story…

The fairy tale was written by Natasha Kopyl, a student of grade 6-A

Don't forbid yourself to create

Let it sometimes turn out crooked -

Your ridiculous motives

No one can repeat it.

M. Tsvetaeva.

Linguistic tale

Peculiarities linguistic fairy tale.

A linguistic fairy tale explains to us the laws of language.

It is characterized by fairy-tale elements, magical transformations, heroes, and certain fixed expressions. Composition linguistic talesconsist of: a saying, a beginning, a fairy-tale action and an ending.

IN linguistic tale the endings talk about linguistic concepts. It’s as if a conclusion is drawn from what was told in the fairy tale.
Difference linguistic tale from ordinary, folklore.
Linguistic tale instructive.

The plot is based on linguistic concepts. It is a type of fairy tale.

Heroes are letters or words. Heroes are in a special kingdom. They are all different, strong, kind, capricious.

IN linguistic tale Factual errors must not be made. (knowledge of the Russian language, knowledge of linguistic material, all conditions for writing a particular spelling is required. Otherwise, you will compose the wrong fairy tale).

There are three main communication tasks linguistic tale:
Teach and explain new material.

Test your knowledge on the topic.

Entertain, captivate, interest, increase interest in the subject (Russian language).

A fairy tale is a primary-secondary text, i.e. a fairy tale can be created on the basis of another fairy tale, and can be completely original. According to the method of transmitting information, fairy tales are polycode texts, i.e. texts that encode and transmit information at different levels.
How to write linguistic tale
Determine who the fairy tale is intended for and in what situation it will be told.

Select linguistic material, information about the linguistic concept.

Think about what heroes will act.Think about the composition, think about the plot.

Make a plan. Write down a fairy tale. If necessary, make an illustration.

Check for logical or factual errors. Edit the text.

Prepare for oral reproduction, think about what gestures

Vocabulary

On the sea, on the ocean

On Buyan Island

There is a green oak,

Under that oak tree there is a gilded table,

Sit down, eat,

Listen to my fairy tale .

In the distant kingdom, in the thirtieth state, Lexicon, Graphics and Orthoepy lived and lived.

The king of Word Formation ruled this kingdom. Love and respect, friendship and care for each other reigned in the kingdom. But one day Lexica came to the king and began to complain that Graphics was very overloaded with work and therefore refused to help her in compiling an explanatory dictionary. King Word Formation was very surprised that discontent had appeared in his kingdom.

Of course,” said Graphics offended. – Vocabulary requires me to write down the same thing several times.

“It’s not true,” Vocabulary objected. “First, we wrote down the meaning of individual words, for example, manager, household.” Now we need to explain the meaning of the phrase farm manager.

I won't write anyway. “I’m tired!” the graphics stubbornly insisted. While they were arguing, the Word Formation King was thinking. Then he smiled and put together the pieces of the basics: caretaker. The king liked to form new words by adding parts of stems.

A department store is a department store, the head of the educational department is the head teacher. It was like playing with a matryoshka doll, with a doll inside a doll. Everyone liked this way of forming compound words. And it began to be widely used in the Russian language. And again peace reigned in the kingdom.

A fairy tale for you,

And for me - a bunch of bagels,

"Linguistic fairy tale" (texts by 5th grade students)
The technique of creating a “Linguistic Tale” is used by many language teachers. I propose to get acquainted with the texts of my students; they can be used in elementary school (“Rule of hyphenation” and “Use of lowercase and capital letters”), as well as in 5th grade when working with spellings “O-Yo after sibilants in the root,” “ Alternation of vowels in the roots GOR-GAR." Or you can show a sample text of a fairy tale when studying another spelling: let the children create!

Linguistic tale

Two sisters

Once upon a time there lived two sisters, Orthoepia and Spelling. They were very friendly and helped everyone. These sisters had a friend, Slovo, who studied with them in the same class. And his speech was incorrect, and he wrote poorly. And the girls are doing great. And they decided to help him. Orthoepy taught him to pronounce correctly, and Spelling taught him to write correctly. And soon this friend again became an excellent student. And he always walked with the girls. The three of them became the best of friends.
Ermolaeva Ulyana, 5th grade.

Spelling Country

First trip. City of Transfer.

Mother Linguistics Spelling once said:
- Daughter, chaos is happening in the country of Spellings. Go there and put your words in order. But remember that their streets are small, their families do not want to live separately, and many words are lost behind the red borders of the fields.
- Okay, mom, I won’t let you down!
Long or short... She arrived in the city of Transfer. I collected all the words and began to teach them. How to settle on a line street correctly. If there is not enough space on the street, you can take part of the empty space next door, but you need to place yourself syllable by syllable. After the arrival of Spelling in this country, no one else suffered: no one disappeared or became distorted. Because a rule appeared in the city: “Translate the word syllable by syllable!”
Chervyakova Maria, 5th grade.

Journey two

Visiting Uppercase and Lowercase

Spelling returned, and mother Linguistics returned with a new request:
- In one city in our country a serious problem has arisen: two classes of residents are arguing. The lowercase ones want to be capitalized, the uppercase ones claim that the lowercase ones live freely.
And again, how long or how short did it take her to reach this City? Outside the city fence, she saw everything destroyed and broken, lowercase letters stretched out to their fullest and trying to become capital letters. And the capitals scream and are indignant. Spelling asked the guards to calm them down.
- Uppercase and lowercase residents, our scientist, Queen Linguistics, gives you all what you can: uppercase letters head a sentence and decorate the beginning of proper names (people's names, animal names, geographical names, names of institutions, books) - this is a very responsible job. And hardworking lowercase ones will be written at the beginning of common nouns and the entire word will consist of them.
All classes signed the agreement, and Spelling returned to mom.
Chervyakova Maria, 5th grade.

Gift for O and Yo

Yes, everything is not easy in spelling. The letters e and o lived next door. Then one fine day they met, became friends so that they became best friends and even “o” moved to live with the letter “e”. One day a hedgehog came to visit the letters and brought gifts from Spelling. In one basket there were acorns, and in the other there were gooseberries.
The letters “е” and “о” saw off the guest and wanted to enjoy the gifts, but did not know who should take what gift. They sat the whole evening, thinking about who should take what. The next morning they wrote a letter to Spelling: “Dear Spelling, we are very grateful to you for your gifts, but could you help us? We don’t know who should choose which gift?” As soon as Spelling read the letter, she ran to help her friends. When she was already with them, she began to explain “Spelling o and e after hissing words.” The letter “е” after hissing words is written where in the test word the letter “e” is used instead of the vowel being tested, in other cases - “o”, for example, acorn - there are no acorns, which means the letter “e” is written in the word acorns, and gooseberry – letter “o”.
The letters once again thanked Spelling and sent them off. And soon they told it to their friends, and this story has reached our times. And the teachers make sure that the students don’t give gooseberries to the letter “e”, and don’t feed the letter “o” acorns. It is very important.
Kazantseva Olga, 5th grade

Burnt steak

One day, the friends of Orthography and Orthoepy - the roots Gar and Gore, like other roots, prefixes, suffixes and endings, got hungry. And we decided to go to a restaurant for dinner. When they arrived at the restaurant, a waiter approached them.
“Welcome to our restaurant, we have the best chefs in the world,” said the waiter and handed out the menu.
Wait, let’s get acquainted first - this is the root of the Mountains, and I am the root of the Gar.
“Very nice,” said the waiter.
Horus and Gar looked at the menu, Horus said:
-I'd like a burnt steak, please!
“And I’d like a pig with a little tan,” Gar asked.
“Sorry, but the pork with a slight tan is over, order a burnt steak too,” the waiter suggested.
-I can’t eat burnt food, if I eat it, it will be a mistake. So excuse me, we'll go home, goodbye.
When Gar and Horus were at home, they had food in their refrigerator with either Gar root or Horus root. They ate and went to bed. And you write the words correctly, do not confuse the alternation of vowels and consonants in the roots, but in words where the alternation is -Gar- or -Gor- in the root, then check with the stress, if the stress falls on the letter that you are checking, then I assure you, there is the letter a, but if it’s on the other side, then the letter o.
Be careful, don’t make a mistake, otherwise they will call you ignorant like that poor waiter who didn’t know this.
Kazantseva Olga, 5th grade.

A linguistic fairy tale.

At Verb Ι there were 3 sons with completely different characters.

The eldest was the most practical, the most fair, believing in what was actually happening, was happening or would happen. The middle one was a dreamer, a romantic and

dreamer. The third is very confident in himself and in his abilities, only able to give orders. Instruct and encourage action.

When they became adults, each received their own city and began to rule in

him in accordance with his views and moods.

The life motto of all the townspeople of the first city, where the elder brother ruled, were the words: “It was! There is! It will be!”
For the middle brother, dreamy residents lived under the motto: “If only, if only!”
The inhabitants of the third city obeyed the motto: “That’s right! It will be done!”
Every year the sons reported to the king about their work. When asked by the king how they take care of their residents, the eldest answered: “I helped, I help, I will help!”

The middle one sighed: “I would help...” And then he put forward his conditions. And the last son
brought his subordinates and gave them orders: “Help! Help! »

These are the different and interesting city rulers. Let's write down from the fairy tale the verbs with which the sons reported to the king.

Let's ask them questions. How are these verbs different?

Indeed, verbs are in different forms and differ in meaning.
Some of them indicate past, present, future time, others are desired when
certain conditions, or express a request, order. ANDtoday in class we and
Let's get acquainted with a new grammatical category of the verb - mood, which
expresses the relationship of action to reality. Let's find out the types of verb moods,
Let's learn to use verbs in speech.

Travel to the country of the Russian Language

In a certain kingdom, in a certain state called the country of the Russian Language, there lived Parts of Speech: Noun, Adjective, Verb, Pronoun and others. The family was large, but, alas, not very friendly. Here they often argued and quarreled only because each Part of Speech considered itself the most important. In disputes, no one wanted to give in to anyone. This went on for a long time.
Verb argued louder and more often than anyone else. He, you see, always just wanted to command. Each time he climbed to the highest step and exclaimed: “Stop! Sit! Be silent!” The other Parts of Speech, of course, did not like this - after all, they, like the Verb, considered themselves to be the main ones in the country of the Russian Language. The pronoun, for example, was absolutely sure that without him their large family could not exist at all. Therefore, it solemnly asserted: “I, you, he, she are a friendly family together!”
The more flexible of the Parts of Speech was the Adjective. It even agreed to be nearby, in the same sentence, with both the Noun and the Verb. Therefore, when the Adjective Name entered into a dispute, a more peaceful and calm environment ensued in the house. “The weather is nice today” or “What a beautiful evening!” - the Adjective Name was quietly pronounced, and everyone around instantly fell silent.
But the most modest, intelligent and benevolent in the country of the Russian Language was the Noun. It never argued with anyone, did not raise its voice, but only silently nodded its head and smiled mysteriously when other Parts of Speech argued. But, it would seem, the Noun could loudest declare that it is the most important Part of Speech. After all, without it it is impossible to compose a single sentence in the Russian language. But the Noun turned out to be wiser than his comrades. When, finally, he had the opportunity to speak, it calmly, sensibly, with feeling and arrangement explained that there was no need to quarrel in vain, because in this magical land every Part of Speech is important and needed. After all, only thanks to all of them, the Russian language can be so beautiful and correct.
There was silence. Each Part of Speech seriously considered everything that it heard from the Noun. And they suddenly realized that they were wrong when they quarreled with each other. After all, the country of the Russian Language really needs them all, and this is the most important thing! And the long-awaited peace finally reigned in the house. None of the Parts of Speech argued anymore, calling themselves the main one. Everyone made peace with each other, and in honor of the good truce, the friends threw a large and magnificent ball. And the wisest Part of Speech - the Noun - was rightfully chosen as the Queen of the Ball.
From that time on, all the inhabitants of the country of the Russian Language lived peacefully and in complete harmony, they were content and happy.

"Problems of Communion". (The text of the decree with the necessary omissions of words and spellings is written in advance on the closed part of the board.)

There was an unimaginable noise in the throne room of His Majesty King Verb.
Verb endings shouted-at(-yat) and -ut(-yut) :
– Let’s not offend our closest relatives!
– We need to declare war on Communion!
- What will the respected Conjugations, from whom our glorious family comes, say!
The verb barely calmed the dispersed citizens. Stuttering with excitement, the endings said that there was confusion in the domain of Communion, and close relatives and friends were suffering from it - suffixes-ushch (-yushch) and -ashch (-yushch) . No one in the kingdom can figure out where to write which suffix.
After consulting with his advisors, King Verb made a fair decision that satisfied everyone. He and the messengers were immediately sent to the Communion for immediate execution.
While crossing the stormy stream dividing the borders, the ambassadors dropped the royal decree, and some of the words in it were blurred. This is what the Communion read:
“Decree of His Majesty King Verb.
I command! In participles formed from verbs... conjugations and having the 3rd person plural ending..., write a suffix-ush(-yush) , and in participles formed from verbs... conjugations and having 3rd person plural endings..., write a suffix-ash(-box) ».
Communion is thinking... Doesn't know how to fulfill the royal decree...

1. So, you now have to help the sacrament fulfill the royal decree. To do this, copy down the text of the decree, inserting the necessary spelling and punctuation, and also indicate the information that was lost.

"Family Hate".

That was a long time ago. No one will remember now why the particle Not began to quarrel with Verb. No matter how hard other parts of speech tried to reconcile the particle Not with the Verb, but nothing worked for them. Not at every opportunity she declared: “I don’t want to! I won't! Don’t write us together!”
The irreconcilable particle humbled its pride only when the Verb without Not lost its meaning and could not be used independently. “I hate it! I'm indignant! I'm perplexed! I’m not feeling well from all this, but it’s not going to be good for the Verb either!” - the particle said gloomily Not , forced to stand next to the Verb.
This is how everything went from generation to generation. Particle Not She doesn’t like the Verb so much that she doesn’t recognize its form - the Participle, which her hatred extends to: just like with the Verb, with the Participle Not written separately and only in some cases is forced to endure an unpleasant proximity. This is what family hatred can lead to!

1. What spelling rules are discussed in the fairy tale?(We are talking about the spelling of the particle Not with verbs and gerunds.)
2. Summarize these two rules and explain them with examples.
3. Remember: what spelling laws apply when you need to write together or separately not with participles?

The Tale of the Appearance of the Adjective

In a certain linguistic kingdom, in a certain lexical state, there lived a king and a queen. His Majesty the king named Verb was very decisive. Sometimes his faithful, permanent ministers Conjugation and Vid were not always able to keep up with his actions. The beautiful queen (and her name was Noun) demanded that her ladies-in-waiting Declension and Number and pages Gender and Case copy down every day all the objects in the kingdom, dividing them into animate and inanimate, proper and common nouns.

One day, her godmother, the sorceress Pronoun, came to visit the queen. Having visited many countries, she was immediately struck by the boring, monochromatic color of everything that was in the realm of the Verb and the Noun. All the objects around were only gray: gray walls, gray furniture, gray plants grew on the gray ground, gray birds frolicked in the gray sky. All the luxurious royal outfits were also gray! The godmother decided to change life in the kingdom at any cost.

Pronoun gave the queen a miracle seed and ordered it to be planted in a pot that same day. Noun could not disobey her beloved godmother! She called her maids of honor and pages and told them to plant a wonderful seed, water it and protect it.

Miracles began to happen immediately. A sprout immediately emerged from the seed,which grew by leaps and bounds, not by hours, but by minutes! The sprout was bright green. Every now and then on itappeared and, in front of the surprised eyes of the queen, her ladies-in-waiting and pages, blossomedfantastic leaves. Then, one after another, the buds began to hatch, whichturned into flowers of indescribable beauty. The miracles didn't end there!

Flowers began to turn into fairy-tale Elves. As the magical plant grows, the entirethe palace was filled with hundreds, thousands of rainbow-colored winged creatures. Each of them wasunique in its beauty! The elves sat on the queen's fluffy gray dress, and it becamefabulously beautiful, shimmering with all the colors of the rainbow. Noun could notcontain your delight at what is happening!

The elves turned to the queen with a request for permission to serve her forever, to be WITH her andday and night, become her servants. Noun agreed, but asked to complyone of her conditions is that the Elves must be like her loyal subjects in everything: Declension,Number, Gender and Case. The elves gladly fulfilled the queen's request!

And for their loyalty anddevotion, the desire to imitate Her Majesty's subjects in everything, the queen gave themaffectionate name "Adjectives", which means located at Noun, in no problem for everyone those based on Declension, Number, Gender and Case, bright, touching body...

This is how Adjectives still live in the realm of the Noun. And the kingdombecame bright, prosperous...

Tale of the Adjective

In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, whose name is Morphology, a new resident has appeared in the city of Chastirechinsk.

He was so weak, so pale, helpless, he only asked: “What am I? Whose am I?” Queen Morphology looked at such a miracle and could not decide what to do with it next. On this occasion she addressed all her independent masters - parts of speech:

“My gentlemen are great and independent! Would any of you take custody of a new resident of our state?” But neither the Verb, nor the Adverb, nor the Numeral wanted to take on such a burden: they say, why do we need this? We lived, lived, did not grieve, and here: here you are, grandmother, and St. George’s Day.

Only the Noun felt sorry for the poor fellow: “I’ll take you as my friend, you’ll be attached to me, so to speak. But look, obey me in gender, number, and case! And since I am an object, then you will be my sign! I won’t tolerate another!”

And the Adjective (that’s what everyone started calling him now thanks to the light hand of the Noun) and is happy to try: whatever my older friend says, I’ll do it; to obey, so to obey. If only they didn't drive me away.

And the Adjective began to decorate the Noun, singing songs of praise to it: it was kind, and smart, and merciful, and independent... The Noun liked it so much! So they began to live without knowing grief. That’s the end of the fairy tale, and whoever listened, well done.

The tale of the particle

In the Grammar Kingdom, in the Morphological State, in the city of Parts of Speech, in the house of Particles, there lived the particle He. Either she didn’t live, or she didn’t live in the City, or she didn’t live in the State. You won't understand. It doesn't matter. This is a fairy tale. She was such an unpleasant and absurd person that no one could find a common language with her. And, despite the fact that it is an auxiliary part of speech, it was so proud, capricious and arrogant that even independent parts of speech were afraid of it, not to mention its neighbors, prepositions and conjunctions.

Ne's relationship with verbs was especially bad. Somehow he comes to the Unverb Work, and she immediately tells him: “Don’t work.” And having taken a sip, the verb leaves with nothing. The same story happened with other verbs: study, watch, walk. They can't do anything about the nonsensical particle. We decided to hold a general meeting of Verbs and put the question bluntly: either the particle will not work, or evict it from the Grammar Kingdom. No sooner said than done. A formidable detachment of Infinitives and other verb forms came to the house of the particle He. But they were completely disappointed. She didn’t come, didn’t listen, didn’t perform. And she also invited defenders. They are somehow strange: on their heads there are huge consoles with the sign no, but you yourself won’t understand who they are. To be healthy, to be a year old, to hate, to fall in love, to will, to wonder. This is what these strange creatures said: “We will not give you a piece of our beloved, neither we nor our relatives can live without her, so we will live in her house and protect her from all attacks, and if you don’t like her, go away and live without her."

Since then, Verbs cannot stand this malicious lady - the particle He, and if they have to meet her in a Sentence, they try to move away from her, at least one space, but as long as they are not nearby.

But this is not a fairy tale, but only a saying. The fairy tale will be ahead. And not a fairy tale, but a whole detective story.

In the meantime, let's remember, after completing the first task, by what rules do particles and verbs live in the country of Grammar?

One day, trouble came to the city with such a poetic name Parts of Speech. Words began to disappear. So you look, there was Happiness, there was a Kind man and everything was Good, and suddenly everything disappeared. There is only Trouble all around, Evil people, things are going from bad to worse. The independent parts of speech were worried about what to do, what to do. We decided to ask Elder Glagol whether he had seen the missing people, whether he knew about the mysterious disappearances and what to do next, where to look for words that were so necessary for everyone.

“I don’t know,” the verb answered and moved away from the particle Not by one space. But the particle Not stood nearby, and the Verb could not tell the whole truth. And then he was found: - Dear neighbors, I can’t help but know that we need to look for particles of He in the possessions.

The particle not only flashed its eyes with anger. And you probably already guessed that these were her tricks.

And then all the Parts decided to call detective Rule to send him to the house of the particle Do not restore order. The Rule came not alone, but with the Algorithm and immediately went to the scene, to the house of the particle He, to find out the reasons for such a mysterious disappearance of individual words from the city of parts of speech.

The Nouns lived in the first apartment. The Rule and the Algorithm went there and grabbed their heads. Who was there? There was Misfortune here, there was also Not Happiness, but Trouble, there was an Ignorant and a Slob, there was not even a Table here. The algorithm took matters into its own hands, remembered all the relevant rules and quickly put things in order. First, he invited all nouns that had or implied oppositions to go to a separate room. Then he ordered all the slobs and ignoramuses to sit quietly and keep their heads down. And only then I decided to deal with such conscious nouns as happiness, friend, order. The algorithm said: “Friends, you are free! You can live peacefully and not worry about the particle anymore.” But the nouns became sad: “You see, algorithm, we can’t just get away from the particle not. During the time we lived here, we became related to her, and now she is not a part of us, but a prefix. And the console is your own child, you can’t just leave it like that. And we have synonyms, they can confirm our words.” The synonyms nodded in unison: “That’s it, no deception.” The algorithm was forced to agree, but warned: “Just hold your prefixes not close to you so that the students do not confuse you with the opposition, and do not write the prefix Not separately.” “Okay, okay, synonyms will help us, they don’t have Ne.”

Guys, tell me what rules the algorithm remembered? And what does opposition and synonyms have to do with writing not with nouns?

Repeat the rule about spelling not with nouns.

Rule was pleased that his assistant dealt with the particle Not in the apartment of nouns so quickly that, citing being busy in other sections of Grammar and saying: “You’ll figure it out for yourself, the rules are the same here,” he left the scene of the crime. There is only one algorithm left. It will be difficult for him without the Rule, but we will help him. Really, guys.

Entering the neighboring apartment, and the adjectives lived there, the algorithm saw the following characters:

Sloppy, not made of wood, not a wide river; not a wide, but a narrow river; It's not a wide river at all.

Guys, let's compare these adjective heroes with nouns.

Do the spellings of non-nouns and adjectives have anything in common?

A TALE ABOUT PRONOUNS.

In the thirtieth kingdom in the thirtieth state there was a large country. And this country was called the Land of Pronouns. And there were both large and small cities in this country. And the names of these cities were - Personal, Reflexive, Possessive, Demonstrative, Interrogative, Relative, Negative, Definitive and Indefinite. And there lived in this fabulous country a great variety of pronouns. And they settled in cities according to their interests and characters.
This is how personal pronouns lived in the city of Personal. Proud and independent residents of Ya live on Yakolki Street. When they get married, they change their last name to WE. Well-mannered adults live on Tykolka Street - YOU and their mischievous children - YOU. On Druzhnaya Street live brother HE, sister SHE and their fantastic animal IT. They are always seen together and are simply called – THEY.
The smallest city in the country is Vozvratny. Only one family lives in it - the selfish ones, as they are called in other cities. Because all they do is talk about themselves and love only THEMSELVES.
The third city is Possessive. Very friendly residents live in this city - the pronouns are MY, YOUR, HIS, HER, OUR, YOUR, THEM, YOURS. They are always ready to help not only residents of their city, but also residents of the entire country.
In the city of Index live the most ill-mannered pronouns. All they do is point at each other and say: THIS, THAT, THAT.
The most inquisitive residents of the country gathered in one city. They constantly ask each other and everyone who comes to them questions: WHO? WHAT? WHICH? WHAT? WHICH? WHOSE? HOW MANY? Therefore, they gave their city the most correct name - Interrogative.
But in the city of Relative there are no questions. Very calm residents live there, although outwardly the words they pronounce are similar to the words of their neighbors: WHO, WHAT, WHAT, WHAT, WHICH, WHOSE, HOW MANY. They just say them calmly. For example, this is how a mother can say to her naughty child: “Oh, once again you don’t listen to me...”
In the city of Definitive there are all sorts of different pronouns. They have very different interests, but they are all very kind and hard-working residents: EVERYONE, EVERYONE, EVERYONE, HIMSELF, MOST, OTHER, ANY, OTHER.
The most stubborn pronouns live in the city of Negative. They never agree with anyone and always deny everything: NOBODY, NOTHING, NOBODY, NOBODY, NOBODY, NOTHING. They often say: “No one, no one saw anything. Nobody took anything. And in general I don’t know anything.”
The very last city in the Land of Pronouns is the city of Undefined. The residents of this city have one favorite fairy tale. Which begins with the words: “IN SOME kingdom, in SOME state, there lived SEVERAL SOMEONE and SOMETHING. SOMEONE SOMEWHERE saw something beautiful, but he won’t tell you or me about it...”

Dispute between subject and predicate

Subject and Predicate met in a sentence. The subject says to the predicate:
- I am more important than you. After all, I am the one who names what is said in the sentence. No wonder my middle name is Subject.
“No,” said the Predicate, “you’re saying it wrong.” After all, without you there can be a proposal, but without me there can be no proposal.
- How is this “no”? For example, the sentence “Winter”. After all, you are not in it!
- You're wrong. I'm just in zero shape here. And take other forms of this sentence: “It was winter,” “There will be winter.” You see, I appeared. But I can do without you in the proposal. For example, “It’s cold outside.” This sentence only has a predicate, but no subject, and it’s not needed here.
Then the Subject became upset:
And I thought that I was the main thing.
“Don’t be upset,” the Predicate reassured him. - After all, when you are in a sentence, it is you who indicate in what form I should stand. We're both in charge. It’s not for nothing that we are called the basis of the sentence, or the predicative core.

Suffixes -CHIK and -SHCHIK

“Once upon a time there were suffixes -CHIK and -SHCHIK, and they raised bees together in an apiary. The fact is that both of them loved to eat honey. Oddly enough, one of them was constantly stung by bees, they flew at him, buzzing: “D-T -Z-S-ZH, D-T-Z-S-ZH". The suffix -SHCHIK ran away from them in tears. But his brother, the suffix -CHIK, was loved by the bees very much and treated to honey. Recently, the suffixes have agreed that Only -CHIK will collect honey, and SHCHIK will come to visit him and gorge himself on his favorite delicacy. However, until now, -CHIK avoids the apiary. As soon as he hears “D-T-Z-S-Z”, he runs as fast as he can. away, so he visits his brother very rarely.”

The tale of how zero became king.

On the pages of the Russian language textbook for the sixth grade there is the country Name Numeral. Numbers live in this country. They are all equal. In the country of the Numeral there is no king, but they are not at all upset, because when there are no kings, life is much easier and more fun, and numbers just like to have fun. These are the laws that the whole country has drawn up: 1) A numeral is a part of speech that denotes the number of objects, the number, and also the order of objects when counting. Numerals answer the questions HOW MUCH? and which? 2) Name numerals are divided into quantitative and ordinal. Numerals change according to cases. 3) Numerals can be different parts of a sentence.

But still, a ruler is needed in any country, and this case justified it.

One day the numerals eight, two-fifths, and three were walking through the park. Suddenly three people said: “Guys, we are different, but we belong to the same group - numerals, what is this?” The whole country learned about these words and agreed with them. They decided to award the title of king to the one who divides the numerals into three groups Zero was the first to do it, this is what he did: cardinal numbers can denote: a) whole numbers (eight candies, fifteen people), b) fractional numbers (two-fifths of the way, seven-eighths of the whole mass) c) several objects as one whole (three). puppies, seven students) are collective.

All the residents liked the rule, and that’s how zero became king.

Grumpy princesses PRE and PRI

Queen Prefix gave birth to twin daughters. One was named Pre-, and the other Pri-. And they are so grumpy and arrogant that every day there is an argument between them about which of them is more important.
“I,” shouts Pre-, because I denote a superlative degree.
“And I mean approaching and joining,” Pri answers proudly.
“But I completely replace the esteemed prefix Per-,” Pre- grinned smugly.
“But the meaning of the incompleteness of action cannot be done without me,” Pri- declares in her tone.
While they were arguing among themselves, red ink flowed like a river in student notebooks. The Queen Mother was tired of this, and she said that if her daughters did not stop arguing and mixing things up, they would have to be evicted from the country of Grammar to the dictionaries.
But the princesses did not want to hear anything, and the dispute between them continues to this day.

The Tale of Punctuation Marks

Once upon a time in the field of Punctuation Punctuation marks. They once argued about who was more important.

Dot said:

I'm the most important because I finish the sentence. And a declarative sentence tells people a lot of important information.

No, I’m the most important,” Question Mark said loudly. “If I stand at the end of a sentence, it will be interrogative, and people cannot talk to each other without questions.” After all, every question generates an answer, and therefore new thoughts.

Here Uncle Syntax intervened in the dispute:

You are all important. Each of you communicates certain information in a certain sequence, which is very important to each person.

Since then, punctuation marks have lived together.