To help a schoolchild / Tasks / Yauza and "deathly silence". From the mouth of the Yauza to the Oleniy Bridge (Preobrazhenskaya Square) Memorial stone on the site of the Stroganov family tomb

Yauza and "deathly silence". From the mouth of the Yauza to the Oleniy Bridge (Preobrazhenskaya Square) Memorial stone on the site of the Stroganov family tomb

28.12.2023

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Yauza is the largest tributary of the Moscow River and the second largest river in the capital.
Its length is 48 km, within the city limits - 29 km.
The Yauza originates from swamps on the territory of Losiny Island, crosses the city of Mytishchi, the villages of Taininka and Perlovka, after which it enters Moscow, where it receives numerous tributaries.
In the capital, the Yauza flows in the Medvedkovo and Babushkinskaya districts, crosses the Okrug Railway, Prospekt Mira, the Yaroslavskoe, Kazanskoe and Kursk directions of the Moscow Railway, the Garden Ring and flows into the Moscow River at the Bolshoy Ustinsky Bridge.

Until the 18th century, the Yauza was known as part of the trade route from Moscow to Klyazma, and the section in the Mytishchi area was passed through with a portage. Keys in the upper reaches of the Yauza from the beginning of the 19th to the middle of the 20th centuries. were considered the basis of the first centralized Mytishchi water supply system. Starting from the 18th century, the banks of the Yauza River from the mouth to Sokolniki began to be built up; the riverbed was blocked by numerous dams with mills, which heavily polluted the water.
At the end of the 1930s. The riverbed of the Yauza was straightened and widened almost twice (up to 30 m), granite embankments were built, and new bridges were built.
Now within Moscow on the Yauza there are 28 road bridges, 5 railway bridges, 2 metro bridges, 6 tram bridges, 23 pedestrian bridges.
Due to severe pollution of the river, extensive cleanup work is underway. The Yauza is considered navigable for small ships from the mouth to the Oleniy (Glebovsky) Bridge, which is located near Preobrazhenskaya Square.

Our walk will begin at Bolshoi Ustinsky Bridge, where the Yauza flows into the Moscow River.
From here you have a magnificent view of one of the seven high-rise buildings in Moscow. The residential building on Kotelnicheskaya Embankment was built in 1952 (architect D.N. Chechulin, A.K. Rostkovsky, engineer L.M. Gokhman). Its height is 176 meters, and it dominates the area, clearly visible from all surrounding streets.

The building consists of three buildings containing apartments, shops, a post office, an atelier and the Illusion cinema. The central building has 32 floors, the side ones - 18.
The decoration of the external part of the building includes crenellated towers and statues, while the lower part is faced with granite. The interior decoration of the lobbies is made of marble and granite, the window openings are framed with metal decor.
The building on Kotelnicheskaya, like many other high-rise buildings in Moscow, is used for weather observation. Here the direction and speed of the wind are determined.
In the famous house lived actresses Faina Ranevskaya, Klara Luchko, Lydia Smirnova, Nonna Mordyukova, poet Alexander Tvardovsky, ballerina Galina Ulanova, animal trainer Irina Bugrimova, composer Nikita Bogoslovsky, as well as Dmitry Chechulin, the architect of the house.
It was planned that the high-rise building would become a strategic object. It was planned to build underground tunnels leading to the Kremlin, Novospassky Monastery and across the Moscow River.
A well-known fact is that the high-rise building was built by prisoners. They are also said to have posed for sculptors who sculpted bas-reliefs.

On this side of the Yauza there is the Podgorskaya embankment, named after the steep slope - Shviva Gorka, which starts from here.
On the right side is the library of foreign literature, opened in 1922.
The first gracefully curved pedestrian bridge that we meet on our way is called Tessinsky. It has existed at this location since at least 1887. The bridge got its name in honor of the famous homeowner A.I. Tessina.

Let's continue our walk along Serebryanicheskaya Embankment (left side in the direction of travel). The name of the embankment comes from the 17th century, when the Old Serebryaniki settlement was located here, in which the masters of the Silver Mint lived.
Yauza is fenced on both sides by bars with Soviet symbols.

Serebryanicheskaya embankment turns into Poluyaroslavskaya, named after the Poyuyaroslavtsev cloth factory, which was located here in the first half of the 18th century.
Vysokoyauzsky Bridge, along which the Garden Ring route passes, was built in 1873 or 1890. In 1963 it was reconstructed (engineer S.I. Heyman, architect K.P. Savelyev).

Domes are visible on a high hill Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh in Rogozhskaya Sloboda.

Kostomarovsky Bridge was built in 1941.

The monastery was founded by Metropolitan Alexy in 1357; it received its name after the first abbot Andronik, a student of Sergei of Radonezh. The especially revered icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands is kept here.
The monastery is one of the first guard monasteries built to protect Moscow from enemy attacks. The great Russian painter Andrei Rublev lived and worked within the monastery walls. Here he died and was buried. Currently, the monastery houses the Museum of Ancient Russian Art named after. Andrey Rublev.
Also outside the walls of the monastery is one of the oldest buildings in Moscow - the Spassky Cathedral (1420-1427)
Let's walk under the brightest bridge of the Yauza, which is called. It is a bridge in the Kursk direction of the Moscow Railway, built in 1865.

The bridge never changed its purpose. When the Yauza was enclosed in granite banks, it was reconstructed in 1950-1951, and new embankments were built through the two outer arches.
On the left side rises the gray building of the Manometer plant.

And ahead is an elegant pedestrian street.
It was built in 1939 and named after the Customs Passage, which led from the former Warehouse Customs House to the river.

In 1936-1939, as part of the reconstruction of the city’s water management, an artificial island was poured on the site of the former Zolotorozhsky Bridge, a dam and a sluice (waterworks) were built according to the design of the architect G.P. Golts. This is the only one of the 4 navigable waterworks on the Yauza, the construction of which was provided for by the 1935 General Plan. The rest were never implemented.
Its main task was to prevent floods during spring floods and rainstorms. The dam ensures a drop in water levels on the Yauza of up to 4 m.
The lock can only accommodate small small vessels.

Vessels are always parked near the dam to collect garbage.

On the left side is the area Syromyatniki.
Its name comes from the rawhide settlement that stood here in the 17th century, in which saddlers and other leather (rawhide) craftsmen lived and worked.
Curved was built in 1958 on the site of a road bridge. Its name comes from the village of Saltykovka, which was located on lands that belonged to the Saltykov family.

Let's move on. On the right is Lefortovo.
At the end of the 17th century, on the deserted left bank of the Yauza River, Peter I ordered the construction of houses for a regular regiment of soldiers, the first-born of the Russian army. This place was called the Lefortovo Soldiers' Settlement, after the name of one of the closest collaborators and friends of the young tsar, a native of Switzerland, Franz Lefort.
Further on our way rises, built in 2003.

It was built in 1781, before it was called the Palace, because there were palaces along the banks of the Yauza in this part. But it was renamed during reconstruction in 1940.
Lefortovo is considered the oldest bridge in Moscow.

Perhaps it was built by the architect Semyon Yakovlev in the image and likeness of the famous Stone Bridge, built in 1692 across the Moscow River, which was called the “eighth wonder of the world.”
During the reconstruction of 1940, the roadway was raised, and the width of the bridge was increased from 15 to 23 meters, and they tried to leave the old bridge supports, copied from the Kamenny Bridge.
The housings are located on the left side.

MSTU began as a vocational school, the idea of organizing which matured very slowly. In 1826, Empress Maria Feodorovna “deigned to command the establishment of large workshops of various crafts” for orphan boys of the Orphanage.
For this purpose, the famous Moscow architect D.I. Gilardi rebuilt the Slobodskaya Palace in the German Settlement, which had burned down in 1812. The building acquired a modern appearance in the late Moscow Empire style. In the central part it is decorated by the sculptor I.P. Vitali with a multi-figure composition “Minerva”, symbolizing the achievements of science and the practical skills of a craftsman.

In 1830, Emperor Nicholas I approved the “Regulations on the Crafts Educational Institution”. The current MSTU dates back to this year.
Lefortovo Park, located on the right side, laid out in 1703, it is considered the first regular park in Russia and the prototype of many parks in St. Petersburg. There was also the Golovinsky Garden, which under Empress Anna Ioannovna was called “Versailles on the Yauza”. All that remains of the original Dutch layout in the park to this day is a linden alley, a rotunda gazebo, five ponds, benches and Rastrelli’s grotto.
Under Lefortovo Park there is a famous Lefortovo tunnel, with a length of 3 km, making it the fourth longest urban tunnel in Europe.
was built in 1941 on the site of an older bridge.

Let's walk past residential buildings on the Yauza.

Here it is thrown across the river Rubtsov bridge.

Until 2002, it did not have a name, and then it received it from the village of Rubtsovo-Pokrovskoye that existed here. The settlement was originally known as Rubtsovo; in the first quarter of the 17th century, the country palace of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich was located here, by whose order the Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary was built in 1626 in memory of the liberation of Moscow from foreign invaders, and the village began to be called Pokrovskoye, or Rubtsovo-Pokrovskoye.

Closer to Elektrozavodsky Bridge the industrial zone begins.

The Elektrozavodsky Bridge was built in 1954 on the site of the former Rubtsovsky Bridge, originally called Pokrovsky Bridge after the Church of the Intercession of the Virgin Mary in the nearby village of Rubtsovo. It received its modern name from the “Electric Plant” located here.
This is the most polluted area of the Yauza. The riverbed is filled with sediment and various debris. The river is heavily polluted with untreated sewage and petroleum products.
Previously, when the Yauza was used as a city snow machine, dredging work was regularly carried out on the river.
Yauza is surrounded by factories and industrial enterprises.

And once upon a time, during the time of Peter I, there was Preobrazhenskaya Sloboda, which was the cradle of the new Russian army and navy (Right side Yauza as we move).
Here the first Russian regiments of the new system were born from those “amusing” sons of servants, grooms, huntsmen and other palace servants who were ordered to be with the boy Peter for his amusement.
Between the 2nd and 3rd Elektrozavodsky lanes, new modest mansions were built for the sovereign.
Then we pass under Sailor's Bridge, which connects Stromynka and Preobrazhenskaya streets. It was built in 1956 on the site of an old bridge, built in 1906 and named after the nearby Matrosskaya Sloboda.

Peter I on the right bank Yauza (left side as we move) built a sailing factory and settled Matrosskaya Sloboda near it. In 1771, the factory was moved to Novgorod, and in its buildings a Catherine's Sailors' Almshouse for veteran sailors.
was built in 1965.

The buildings stretch to the right psychiatric hospital No. 4 named after. Gannushkina.
It was opened in 1904 as the Kotovskaya part of the Preobrazhenskaya Hospital. Since 1936 it has been named after P.B. Gannushkina.
In 1684, on the site of the hospital, Peter I built an “amusing fortress” (Preshburg), which had walls with towers and a moat with a drawbridge.
Subsequently, the Kotov merchants acquired this plot and built a factory, which, after their ruin, came into the possession of the city government, which in 1904 transferred the entire Kotov estate to the Preobrazhenskaya Hospital.
In 1912-14, with donations from merchants Alekseevs, Korolevs and Khrushchevs, three buildings were built (architect I.P. Mashkov), named after the donors. After the Great Patriotic War, standard buildings were built. N.N. worked at the hospital. Bazhenov, V.A. Gilyarovsky, E.K. Krasnushkin, A.S. Kronfeld, A.V. Snezhnevsky and other psychiatrists. In 1975, the memorial museum of P.B. was opened. Gannushkina.
And our walk ends at Oleny (Glebovsky) Bridge, which connects Oleniy and Bogorodsky Vals.

The bridge was built in 1982 on a straightened river bed to replace a wooden one.
It got its name from the Glebov Dam. Until 2000, the Yauza embankment ended here, but now it has been extended to Rostokinsky Proezd.
From the mouth of the river to the Oleniy Bridge is 9.6 km.

Information used:
Romanyuk S.K. Through the lands of Moscow villages and settlements

Researchers have long noticed an interesting pattern associated with increased secrecy during the construction of artificial hydraulic structures. The Moscow hydroelectric complex is especially famous for this. It is of course understandable - the city’s strategic resource, water supply, water is more important than food, and sabotage can have very large consequences. BUT.... What does secrecy have to do with the construction of open structures that are practically accessible to any passerby? I can understand when closed structures are built so that not a single bad person knows, but the canals..... Something is not right here.

But it turns out that this secrecy is inherent in the history of the construction of these open structures, and this cannot be explained by any strategic expediency, unless this secrecy is intended to hide some facts.
In order not to inadvertently violate confidential data and not have consequences, I will offer only open materials that anyone can find for themselves if they wish. But as usual, he can find it, he can see it, but he can’t see the catch.

The Yauza River is one of the most mysterious rivers in Moscow. Throughout the territory of Moscow, almost everywhere it is dressed in stone clothes, and its appearance is more reminiscent of a canal than a river, but nevertheless, it is a River.

This is what it looks like in our city:

No historian will argue that it is quite old; many historical facts and toponyms on the territory of Moscow are associated with its name. And the fact that it is one of the largest tributaries of the Moscow River is no secret to anyone. But what makes it special is its origin.

The Yauza, the largest left tributary of the Moscow River, originates in the region of Mytishchi. The total length of the river is 48 kilometers, including 30 kilometers within the city.
The Yauza flows into the river. Moscow near the Bolshoi Ustinsky Bridge. Within the city, the river receives 80 tributaries, the main of which are: Likhoborka, Ichka, Zolotoy Rozhok, Kamenka, Budaika, Kopytovka, Rachka, Rybinka, Sinichka, Chermyanka.
At the end of the 30s of the 20th century, the river bed was straightened and expanded almost 2 times - up to 25 meters.
In 1940, a hydraulic complex was built three kilometers from the mouth of the river, which turned the Yauza into a navigable river (for 9.5 km for small vessels).
Taken from here: http://www.mosvodostok.com/objects/rivers/

There is a very good and colorful material about her http://www.biancoloto.com/yauza.html

Let me quote part of it:
The Yauza is the largest tributary of the Moscow River, the second largest river in the city (after the Moscow River).
Length 48 km (within the city 29 km).
The Yauza originates from the swamps on the territory of Losiny Ostrov. It crosses the city of Mytishchi, the villages of Taininka and Perlovka, after which it enters Moscow, where it receives numerous tributaries.
In Moscow, it flows in the Medvedkova and Babushkina districts, crosses the Okruzhnaya Railway, Prospekt Mira, the Yaroslavskoe, Kazanskoe and Kursk directions of the Moscow Railway, the Garden Ring; flows into the Moscow River at the Bolshoi Ustinsky Bridge.

The facts given above are well known, but there are some oddities. For example, the place where the Yauza began, according to official history, is the Mytishchi swamps (some talk about the Mytishchi peat bogs), this is what this place looks like now:

Looking at this photo, it seems that these swamps have practically dried up, but previously they were a fairly large body of water. But the speed of their drying out suggests that they cannot be thousands of years old, hundreds at most (by the way, this strange feature of the drying out of swamps throughout Russia, and not only, has been raised more than once over the last century. But no one has given a convincing explanations for this phenomenon. Or maybe the Yauza was previously connected by a canal (canals) to the Volga?
Or maybe she herself was essentially a channel?
If you look at the map, you can clearly see this strange proximity of the source of the Yauza - it seems that the Yauza originates from the Akulovsky water utility. Which, according to official history, fills Moscow with water from another river - the Volga. But the problem is that the Akulovsky water canal was built only in the 30s of the 20th century, and the Yauza existed hundreds of years before that... a paradox?

Moreover, in some places, the Yauza River, before entering the city, with its almost straight lines, personally reminds me strongly of a canal.
A river on a plain cannot have such a smooth bed, well, it doesn’t happen like that....
See for yourself:

If these kilometers of straight banks were made by nature, then we must admit that nature has either a sense of humor, or intelligence and technical capabilities.

If this is so, then we have a closed water system - the Volga-Moscow River, which saves hundreds of kilometers if we follow the natural route: Volga-Oka-Moscow. Duplicating the current Moscow Canal, in fact today, the Akulovsky Vodokanal is part of this system. But could the Yauza, before the construction of this system, have previously been connected to the Volga by other channels?

By the way, you can find more information about the area where this structure is located from this writer:
http://misha-grizli.livejournal.com/94537.html

Secondly, the Yauza mostly flows through the Losiny Ostrov park, which today is planted in even rows, and it is not a fact that before it this area was a wild, impassable windfall, as they are trying to prove to us.
This means that this area could have been vast fields through which a system of irrigation canals should have passed (their traces are now traces of peat mining) as well as in other places in Moscow and the near Moscow region:

Like, for example, the famous rivers near the city of Ramenskoye, which for some reason one would like to call canals: r. Chernovka. R. Gzhelka, r. Dorka. There are dozens of such direct canals and rivers around Moscow. And these “natural” perfectly straight rivers do not bother anyone.

Perhaps once upon a time Losiny Island was really an island, around which there were impenetrable Mytishchi swamps, and on which moose lived?
But now it’s not about them....
Let's return to the Yauza and its “Source” - the Akulovsky water utility:
Once again about the oddities in the history of these buildings:
Even Wikipedia has this information:
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%EE%F1%F2%EE%F7%ED%FB%E9_%E2%EE%E4%EE%EF%F0%EE%E2%EE%E4 %ED%FB%E9_%EA%E0%ED%E0%EB

Quote from there:
"Deathly silence"
The main reason why nothing was reported for decades about the fate of hundreds of thousands of people involved in the construction of Moscow-Volgostroy (MVS) structures was the special regime of secrecy observed at these sites. This applied not only to prisoners, but also to civilian workers and specialists entering work in this system. Violation of regulations was subject to criminal liability, which at that time was almost tantamount to death.

In 1936, the subscription that civilian employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs gave upon entering work looked like this: “I give this signature to the construction management of Moscow-Volgostroy that nowhere, to anyone and under any circumstances will I report any information concerning life, work, procedures and placement of NKVD camps, as well as the fact that I will not enter into any private, personal relationships with prisoners and will not carry out any of their private orders. It was announced to me that for violation of this subscription I am subject to criminal liability as for disclosing secret information. I have no relatives or acquaintances held as prisoners in the Dmitlag of the NKVD of the USSR (if so, please indicate who exactly).” Next, the number, signature, place of work and position were indicated. Such a subscription was classified as “top secret”.

Eyewitness accounts[edit | edit wiki text]
In 1990, the Moscow archaeological expedition conducted a comprehensive study of the Losiny Ostrov State Natural National Park (SNNP). During it, stories of local old-timers from the villages of Shchitnikovo and Oboldino related to the time of construction of the canal were recorded.

The camp barracks were located 1.4 km northwest of the village of Oboldino, in the village of Oboldinsky. Local residents called the prisoners “sewer workers.” Their burials dotted the forests around the canal.

Erokhina K.I. (came to Oboldino in 1948): “Many people told us that this canal was built by the jailers. They dug it with shovels and made an embankment, all with their hands, with shovels.”

Dyukov E.I. (in 1940, eight years old, came to Oboldino): “I remember, I was still a boy, behind channel 12, as soon as you crossed the switch, they took sand there. How many times did we find skulls... How we dug canal, prisoners were buried there. And the bones were there... And then, where the camp was... they began to bury them. They will hang a sign saying “Burial Place,” and when you walk in the spring, the bones are sticking out."

Poster "Canal Army Man"[edit | edit wiki text]
One of the valuable evidence of the grandiose Gulag construction of the 1930s is an expressive poster preserved in Russian archives: an image of two prisoners - a navvy and a concrete reinforcement worker - with the call “Canal Army Man! Your time will melt away from hot work.”

The very appearance of the term “canal army man” is associated with Anastas Mikoyan’s trip to the route of the White Sea-Baltic Canal under construction in March 1932, when it was proposed by the head of the GULAG OGPU Lazar Kogan.

It is interesting that the construction of the Moscow Canal, the Akulovsky Canal, the reconstruction of the Yauza, and other hydraulic structures of the Moscow region and other adjacent areas was carried out in the 30s, and was supervised by the NKVD, the secrecy there was simply off scale, in fact, the above information just confirms this. What kind of information could not be disclosed to the builders under pain of death, some of whom probably remained there in these swamps, taking with them this terrible, for some, secret.
Was it really the secret for which a person could be deprived of his life that someone could tell how many shovels of earth a builder could throw out per hour, or how many centimeters of concrete it took to build walls?
Don't think.
Most likely the secret was that the builders were restoring what had been built long before them. And the curators of this process were very well aware of this.
And remembering who the first Soviet leaders were, we are entering very dangerous territory.... But that’s a completely different story.

Good luck to everyone and Sanity.

Only our own photographs were used - shooting date: 05/17/2014

The Yauza is a small river in the Moscow region and in Moscow, a left tributary of the Moscow River (the largest within the capital). Length - 48 km. The length of the river within the capital is 27.6 km. The mouth of the Yauza is located in the center of Moscow, near the Bolshoi Ustinsky Bridge.
Tributaries of the Yauza: right - Rabotnya, Sukromka, Chermyanka, Likhoborka, Kamenka, Goryachka, Kopytovka, Putyaevsky Stream, Oleniy Stream, Rybinka, Chechera, Chernogryazka; left - Ichka, Budaika, Khapilovka, Sinichka, Zolotoy Rozhok.
The Yauza riverbed is filled with sediment and various debris. The river is heavily polluted with untreated sewage and petroleum products. The Yauza section from the mouth of Khapilovka (Elektrozavodsky Bridge) is especially heavily polluted. Cases of fish poisoning in the river have become more frequent. The water has a specific “Yauza” smell.
Of the fish in the upper reaches of the Yauza (in the Medvedkovo area), the most common are small roach and perch; In the lower reaches, the main fish is bleak; pike and even asp are occasionally found.

The first mention of a wooden church located on the site of the modern St. Nicholas Church dates back to 1547. This church was built in the Kotelnikov settlement and was called the Church of the Holy Trinity in Starye Kuznetsy. According to archival data, in 1657, the Stroganov merchants built a new stone St. Nicholas Church with their family tomb on the site of a wooden church. The Stroganovs at that time were major merchants and industrialists; their estate was located on nearby Goncharnaya Street. In subsequent years, many famous members of the Stroganov family were buried near the church.
By the beginning of the 19th century, the church had fallen into disrepair. In 1822, at the expense of S.M. Golitsyn, construction began on a new temple, which has survived to this day. The authors of the project were architects O.I. Bove and D.I. Gilardi.
The temple was built in the Empire style. The main volume of the temple is a quadrangle on which a rotunda with semi-circular windows separated by pilasters is installed. The southern part of the building, facing the alley, is decorated with a decorative portico with three sculptural bas-relief compositions - “The Entry of the Lord into Jerusalem”, “Adoration of the Magi”, “Massacre of the Innocents”. On the northern side of the temple, facing the inside of the block, there is a chapel of the Venerables Zosima and Savvaty of Solovetsky. Due to the strong difference in relief, the basement part under the refectory and bell tower was raised. In 1873, at the expense of the widow of the deacon Evdokia Vinogradova, a chapel of the Great Martyr Evdokia was built in the refectory, and entrance staircases were added to the new chapel and bell tower. St. Nicholas Church was closed in 1932. A small part of the church valuables was transferred to the Kolomenskoye Museum and one of the churches in Kolomenskoye, everything else was looted or destroyed. The crosses and dome were removed from the temple, reliefs were knocked down, and the church fence was destroyed. After reconstruction, the chemical laboratory of the Geology Department was located in the temple building. In the 1970s, St. Nicholas Church was partially restored and placed under state protection as an architectural monument. At the same time, the family graves of the Golitsyns and Stroganovs located in the temple were destroyed. In 1992, St. Nicholas Church was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church, and Priest Mikhail Zhukov became its rector. In the same year, a minor consecration of the temple took place and active restoration work began. Immediately after the opening, ancient icons returned to the temple, which were taken out of it secretly, just before closing, by the last priest, Archpriest Nikolai (Chertkov). The image of the Mother of God “Feodorovskaya” was secretly preserved at home in the family of Archpriest Nicholas. Two icons of Saints Zosima and Savvaty of Solovetsky were given for preservation to the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in Klenniki. In 1998, a representative office of the Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia in Moscow was opened in the restored church. On October 28, 1998, the Grand consecration of the temple by His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Rus' took place. Present at the consecration of the St. Nicholas Church, His Beatitude Metropolitan Dorotheos, on behalf of the Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia, awarded Priest Mikhail (Zhukov) with the Order of Equal-to-the-Apostles Cyril and Methodius for his services in the restoration of the temple.

Goncharnaya st., 29. Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Gonchary. Compound of the Bulgarian Patriarchate. Erected in 1654. The chapel of St. Tikhon of Amafunt was added in 1802. Transferred to the Bulgarian Orthodox Church in 1948.	Goncharnaya st., 29. Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Gonchary.	Verkhnyaya Radishchevskaya st.
Monument to A.N. Radishchev	Verkhnyaya Radishchevskaya street, 9a, building 2. Mansion 1896	Verkhnyaya Radishchevskaya street, 7 and 9 building 1
Verkhnyaya Radishchevskaya st., 9 building 1	Courtyard of house 19 on Verkhnyaya Radishchevskaya street.	Verkhnyaya Radishchevskaya st., 19
Verkhnyaya Radishchevskaya st.	1st Kotelnichesky lane, 3 building 1. Ensemble of the Shapkins' city estate - V.P. Shchukina - M.F. Mikhailova. Main house with chambers. Mid-late 17th century, rebuilt in 1860-80s. Civil engineer N.G. Faleev.	1st Kotelnichesky lane, 3 building 1
Church of St. Nicholas in Kotelniki	Church of St. Nicholas in Kotelniki	Memorial stone on the site of the Stroganov family tomb
	The courtyard of the Stalinist high-rise building on Kotelnicheskaya embankment	Ventilation
	Monument to Dmitry Donskoy (2013, sculptor V.M. Klykov)	Serebryanicheskaya embankment, 11. Abandoned printing house of the Ministry of Internal Affairs
Serebryanicheskaya embankment, 15. Abandoned building of the former Simonovsky court. Former almshouse. Built in 1900, architect D.V. Shaposhnikov.	Yauza River	On the other side of the Yauza is the Usachev-Naydenov estate
st. Zemlyanoy Val, 57 building 6. Museum and public center named after. Andrey Sakharov.	Abandoned maternity hospital named after. Clara Zetkin. Previously – Morozov almshouse. The building was built in 1891 (architect M.I. Nikiforov) on the former territory of the factory founded by S.V. Morozov.	Shelaputinsky lane, 3 building 1. Abandoned maternity hospital named after. Clara Zetkin
Yauza River, Kostomarovsky Bridge	Andronikov viaduct. Built in 1865 according to the design of engineers N.M. Kolokolov, S.Ya. Terekhin and architect B.M. Nadezhin.	Andronikov Viaduct
Andronikov Viaduct	Yauza River, Customs pedestrian bridge	st. Zolotorozhsky Val, 34. Former printing house of the Hammer and Sickle plant.
Former printing house of the Hammer and Sickle plant
Cliff where fossils were found (ancient shells, etc.)	View of the Customs Bridge from the park of the Stroganov estate

Yauza- left tributary of the Moscow River, the second largest river in Moscow. Length 48 km (within the city - 29 km). The basin area is 452 km 2 (within the city 272 km 2). The average water consumption is about 9.4 m 3 /s.

It originates from swamps on the territory of Losiny Ostrov, forming the unique Yauzsky wetland complex (east of the city of Mytishchi, near the village of Oboldino). Crossing the Yaroslavskoye Highway, it flows from east to southwest. From the highway to the Yaroslavl railway it flows through the territory of the Metrovagonmash plant, after the bridge it flows through the city (forming a dam separated by road bridges), within the villages of Taininskoye and Perlovka, separating the rural part of the city from modern residential buildings. Before crossing the Ring Road, it accepts the river. Sukromku. After entering Moscow, the Yauza receives numerous tributaries: on the right - Chermyanka, Likhoborka, Kamenka, Goryachka, Kopytovka, Putyaevsky Stream, Oleniy Stream, Rybinka, Chechera, Chernogryazka; on the left - Ichka, Budaika, Khapilovka, Sinichka, Zolotoy Rozhok. Within the limits of the Okrug Railway it flows along the borders of the districts of Severnoe Medvedkovo, Losinoostrovsky, Yuzhnoye Medvedkovo, Babushkinsky, Sviblovo. The river here is crossed by 6 road bridges (including Ostashkovsky, 1st and 2nd Medvedkovsky), as well as a large number of pedestrian ones (including the former Beskudnikovskaya railway line and a road bridge in the Lazoreveogo Ave. area). Almost the entire river valley from the Moscow Ring Road to the Moscow Moscow Railway (and further - up to Losiny Ostrov) is, according to the 1991 law, a specially protected natural area with preserved swampy oxbow lakes. After the 2nd Medvedkovsky Bridge it receives a large tributary - Chermyanka. After crossing the Circular Railway, the current turns to the southeast, crossing the street. Viphelma Pika, ave. Mira (along the 1st and 2nd Rostokinsky bridges), meets on its way a unique architectural monument - the Rostokinsky aqueduct, then crosses the paths of the Yaroslavl direction of the Moscow Railway and passes along the borders of the Losiny Ostrov national park. After the Bogatyrsky Bridge it flows through the territory of the former Krasny Bogatyr plant, leaving the boundaries of which it becomes a network of embankments. All these almost 10 km of Yauza are crossed by many architectural bridges and overpasses (including the Preobrazhensky metro bridge). The Yauza flows into the Moscow River at the Bolshoi Ustinsky Bridge.

Until the 18th century was known as part of the trade route from the Moscow basin to the Klyazma basin with a portage in the Mytishchi region. Keys in the upper reaches of the Yauza since the beginning of the 19th century. until the middle of the 20th century. were the basis of the first centralized Mytishchi water supply system. From the beginning of the 18th century. The banks of the Yauza from the mouth to Sokolniki were built up, the riverbed was blocked by numerous dams with mills, which heavily polluted the water. At the end of the 1930s. The riverbed of the Yauza was straightened and widened almost twice (up to 30 m), granite embankments were built, and new bridges were built. In 1940, 3 km from the mouth, between the Razumovskaya and Zolotorozhskaya embankments, the Syromyatnichesky hydroelectric complex (with a sluice) was built, the dam of which raised the water level above the hydraulic complex by 2 m. From the mouth to the hydroelectric complex, the water level is maintained by the Perervinskaya dam on the Moscow River. In a relatively natural state, the Yauza valley is preserved only between Sokolniki and Losiny Ostrov, where it is partially covered with forest; in other places along the Yauza there are lowland swamps and wastelands with ruderal vegetation. To water the Yauza from the Khimki reservoir along the Likhobor Canal (through Golovinsky Ponds) and the river. Likhobork receives Volga water.

Based on materials Encyclopedia "Moscow". Ed. "Great Russian Encyclopedia", 1997.

Schematic plan of the river. Yauza from the Moscow Ring Road to the Bogatyrsky Bridge. The numbers show the report numbers.
Cartographic source - maps.google.com

Part 1 . Yauza from MKAD to Shirokaya street.
Part 2 . Yauza from Shirokaya Street. to Ostashkovskaya st.
Part 3. Yauza from Ostashkovskaya street. to Yeniseiskaya street
Part 4. Yauza from Yeniseiskaya street. to the Medvedkovsky metro bridge.
Part 5. Yauza from Medvedkovsky metro bridge to st. Menzhinsky.
Part 6. Yauza from st. Menzhinsky to Kola street.
Part 7. Yauza from Kola street. to former railway bridge of the Beskudnikovskaya branch.
Part 8. Yauza from the former railway bridge Beskudnikovskaya branch to the former. automobile bridge near Lazorevoy Ave.
Part 9. Yauza from Serebryakova Ave. to st. Wilhelm Pieck.
Part 10. Yauza from st. Wilhelm Pieck to Ave. Mira.
Part 11. Yauza from Ave. Mira to the Yaroslavl railway bridge.
Part 12. Yauza from the bridge of the Yaroslavl railway. to the Bogatyrsky Bridge.

The first part of our long route along the Yauza is devoted to the section of the river from the Moscow Ring Road to Polyarnaya Street.

On the Ring Road, just before the bridge, there is a sign "Yauza". It does not carry any useful information for motorists, so we will assume that it was installed for educational purposes - after all, the Yauza is the second largest river in the capital.

MKAD bridge over the Yauza. On both sides there are pedestrian paths, favored by touring people from the Mytishchi fair.

View from the bridge (which can also be reached via stairs with concrete steps) to the south, where we are about to head.

River View. We set off along the right (western) bank of the Yauza. An abandoned tire immediately attracts attention.

A small bay on the left bank.

Of course, dreary winter landscapes are much inferior to bright summer ones. However, now we are given a good chance to see the river in its natural state, getting close to the water itself and without fear of drowning in the coastal vegetation. And the garbage is almost invisible. Perhaps a lonely box floats down the river.

The river floods with enviable frequency, then again reduces its size.

View to the north.

On the right bank there is a small park area.

Here comes a small spill and again a narrowing of the channel.

Quite a narrow area. Perhaps the river here will become wider when the banks are free of accumulated ice. On the other bank there is vegetation that dried up last year.

And again north from the very bank of the Yauza.

The river in this protected area is not at all pleasing with its attractions. But a small stream on the right still brightens up the picture.

The banks have not yet undergone artificial strengthening.

In the spring, things are probably different here. But a warm winter day could not stop this walk.

A flock of ducks loomed in front of us.

Pigeons also favor this area with their attention.

Some coastal areas are covered with trees leaning towards the water.

And somewhere there is a completely unprotected shore.

The next spill is probably the largest in this section of the Yauza.

It's been a long time since we looked at the path we've traveled...

View from the shores of a wide area. The river is very shallow - the sandy bottom is clearly visible.

And once again to the north.

Footpath.

Snowdrifts and steep banks force us to climb up.

On the right bank there is a snow rafting point and numerous garage cooperatives. I don’t even want to look at all this.

It’s better to continue admiring the winter Yauza. South perspective.

Straight section of the riverbed.

Another wide spill and another duck tribe.

On the right bank (in the complex of the studied natural monument of regional significance "Valley of the Yauza River from the Moscow Ring Road to Shirokaya Street") there is a specially protected natural area of Moscow - the right-bank oxbow of the Yauza with a fragment of a low floodplain. Alas, in winter we can only see reeds and cattails on the site of the swamp complex.