How to read transcription in Russian. How to read English words correctly? How to learn to read transcription in English

Every avid tourist simply must visit England at least once. Everything here is steeped in history. In the largest city in Europe, London, a huge number of medieval buildings have been preserved to this day, each of which carries the memory of past centuries. Many people think that Great Britain is one country, but if you travel often, you should know that it includes 4 magnificent countries: Scotland, Wales, England and Northern Ireland. In each of them you can find something new and interesting for yourself.

Common phrases

Appeals

At the station

At customs

Walk around the city

Emergencies

In transport

At the hotel

Seasons of the day and year

Numerals

In the shop

Cafes, bars, restaurants

Our Russian-English phrasebook consists of common conversation topics:

Greetings are phrases with which you can start any conversation and simply greet someone you know.

Standard phrases – while traveling, you will often have to ask passers-by for help, this topic will help you in communicating with local residents. Here are common words and phrases that are most often used in the lexicon.

Station - all the necessary phrases and words that you have to use at train stations.

Passport control - words that will be useful to you during passport control.

Orientation in the city – when walking through any of the English cities, you can get lost. This theme will help you get where you need to go or find a place or establishment that interests you.

Transport – translation and pronunciation of words and phrases that will be useful to you on public transport, or to find the nearest stop.

Hotel – not every hotel understands Russian. Therefore, for smooth check-in at the hotel and further comfortable stay in it, this section will be useful to you.

Emergencies – there are also unpleasant moments during vacation, and it is at such moments that this topic will help you out. You will be able to call for help, call an ambulance or the police, etc.

Dates and times - in order to be on time always and everywhere, you must know what time it is, but if you have forgotten your watch, this topic will help you find out the time from passers-by. There is also a translation of months and days of weeks.

Shopping – all the necessary phrases for shopping. Here is a translation of words that will help you with buying products at the market or purchasing clothes in the most sophisticated boutiques.

Restaurant – while walking around the city, you get hungry and decide to have a snack in a restaurant? But if you don't know English, you won't be able to order even a cup of coffee. This topic includes translation of phrases with which you can comfortably spend time in a restaurant without feeling any language barrier.

Numbers and figures are a very important and frequently used topic. Without knowing how to pronounce numbers in English, you will not be able to pay for purchases, find out the schedule of certain events, and so on. This theme fixes a similar problem.

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The rules of reading in English are extensive and complex, because... There is a huge discrepancy between letters and sounds: there are 26 letters and 44 sounds, so different letters in different positions produce different sounds, which in English are conveyed by conventions called transcription marks. In this post, to make it easier to learn the rules of reading, we denote them partially in Russian letters.

4 Basic Types of Vowel Reading

First, let's learn the 4 main types of reading vowels E, A, Y, U, O, I in stressed syllables in English

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I reading type - open syllable ( a syllable ending in a vowel is considered open, even if it is not pronounced)

Pay attention to the first row of the table. The words same, note, he, fine, my, cube, like all words of this category, end in a silent vowel, and the reading of the vowels in the root of the word coincides with the name of the letters according to the alphabet. Thus, words with silent vowels at the end, i.e. words of type 1 reading same, note, he, fine, my, cube, will sound like “seim, note, hee, fine, may, cube”

Let's consolidate the reading of vowels in a stressed syllable with the following exercise:

Note, lone, mice, rice, type, tune, shy, lay, say, he, hay, name, same, nine, nice, game, came, make, Kate, Pete, five, tie, life, eve, me, size, no, cope, smoke, rose, nose, spine, sly, cry, vine, maze, home, tube, made, fume, cube, pace, lace, sky, hale, spine.

II reading type – closed syllable (a syllable ending in a consonant is considered closed). This is the second row in the table. Pay attention to the words rat, hot, red, bit, myth, run, which do not have a silent vowel at the end. These words sound like "rat, hot, ed, beat, miss, ran."

Cap, pen, bed, ten, not, spot, lot, bad, rat, sit, send, test, pit, in, send, spell, tin, less, ban, mad, fat, Sam, land, did, fit, sat, pet, tin, slip, sad, glad, bag, jam, gap, lag, can, kin, Jim, Jack, yes, ink, cup, run, cod, spin, not, doll, hop, hot, bank, rank, spin, up, us, bus, bun, cut, fun, vet, well, but, nut.

III type of reading – vowel + letter “r” , which affects the sound of the vowel at the root of the word, giving it some prolongation. So the words car, sort, term, fir, Byrd, fur sound like “ka: so:t, te:m, fe: be:d, fe:”.

stern , Far, curt, hard, hart, car, card, cart, fork, cork, work, sort, term, first, Byrd, furs, curl, her, curb, turn, girl, sir, burn, turn, word, born, torn, bird, form, serf, herb.

IVreading type – vowel + letter “r” + vowel. The letter “r” is also unreadable in this case; all three vowels together sound like this: care, store, mere, tire, cure - “kea, hundred:, mie, taie, kue.”

Fare, here, pure, rare, cure, during, mare, fire, bare, mire, stare, tire, sere, mere, store, core, more, care.

Video lesson: Rules for reading the vowel A in English

IN Idea lesson: Rules for reading the vowel E in English

Video lesson: Rules for reading the vowel U in English

Video lesson: Rules for reading the vowel O in English

Video lesson:Rules for reading vowels I,Y

Consonants with two reading options

*s m\z (interdental) – th – there is no such sound in the Russian language. This sound is dull and resembles the Russian sound “s”, but when pronouncing it, the tongue is located between the front upper and lower teeth, and a stream of air passes through the created narrow gap with force.

**we pronounce the interdental sound “z” in the same way.

Video lesson: Rules for reading English consonants

Reading chart for vowels combined with consonants

For high-quality assimilation of the sound system and the rules of reading the English language, we recommend repeating the above reading rules daily and trying to read monosyllabic words from the dictionary.

Video lesson: Rules for reading various letter combinations in English

Video lesson: Rules for reading English vowels in unstressed position

For rules for reading unpronounceable consonants, see

• Tip: To check the correct pronunciation, you can use the audio function of online dictionaries.

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Diphthongs (double vowel sounds) of English and their pronunciation

A diphthong is a combination (combination) of two vowel sounds in one syllable, the pronunciation of which occurs together.

There are a total of 8 types of diphthongs in English:

• – when reading it is pronounced as “ay”; when writing, it is expressed by writing the vowels “y” and “i” in an open syllable;
• [ɔɪ] – pronounced as “oh” and is formed by combining the vowels “oi” “oy”;
• – this one should be pronounced “she”, mind you, not “hey”. It is formed due to “a” in an open syllable, or with combinations of letters: “ai”, “ay”, “ey”, “ea”, “ei”;
• – pronounced as “ou”, and is expressed by a combination of the letters “ow” and “ou”;
• [əu]– reads as “eu (eow)”, expressed in writing: by the letter “o” in a stressed syllable;
• [ɪə] – read as “ie”, formed by letter combinations: “ear”, “eer”, “ere”;
• [ɛə] – pronounced as “ea” or “ee”, created by combinations: “are”, “ear”, “air”;
• – pronounced as “ue”, and is formed thanks to the combinations: “ue”, “ure”;

English intonation

Each nation has its own pronunciation intonation and accent of speaking the language. English intonation is expressed by raising and lowering the tone in conversation, most often even in every sentence.

Thus, it is considered common for the English to raise the tone at the beginning of an interrogative sentence and lower the tone at the end.

Lowering of tone in English occurs with affirmative answers, with instructions or orders, with an exclamation or a demand for attention. Also, in English there is the concept of logical stress.

Logical stress is the deliberate highlighting of one or more specific words in a sentence to focus the attention of the interlocutor; depending on the logical emphasis on the word, one phrase can carry completely different information that the speaker wants to convey.

Greetings, my dear readers.

Today we continue to talk about how to learn to read correctly, so the topic of today's article is transcription of English letters.

We have already introduced you to the concept and dealt with the pronunciation of sounds in English. Today we will figure out exactly how they are pronounced in various combinations.

I have a clear table for you. It contains the letters of the English alphabet with transcription, Russian analogue letters and my notes so that you can immediately get the correct pronunciation. I also added examples of words with the sounds being studied and their translation.

What else can you find on the blog:

1. with letters and transcription (you can study them online, download, print and work with them);
2. for children I have a complete one.

Let `s start?

Features of English transcription:

• it is always formatted with square brackets. I can’t say exactly where it came from, but I think it’s just worth taking it for granted;
• to understand where the stress is, the transcription uses the sign [‘] before the stressed syllable;
• It is important to remember that transcription is about the sound, not the spelling of words. Sometimes the spelling can be 90% different from what we pronounce;
• to show that a sound is long we use a colon.

In general, I wrote about English transcription - please!

Letters of the English alphabet and their transcription in Russian and English:

But do you know what is the most interesting thing about English?

If different letters are combined, they are pronounced differently!

That's why I prepared for you

Examples of English letter combinations in Russian and English:

I know this table seems huge right now. Surely you think that remembering all this is unrealistic. I'll tell you this: at a certain point, when you have enough, you won't even pay attention to these combinations. Your brain will learn to quickly remember how exactly these letters sound. Moreover, even when you come across a word that is completely unfamiliar to you, you will be able to read it correctly. The only question is the amount of practice on your part.

How to remember combinations of letters?

1. Use cards. Visual perception is better developed in most people.
2. Read. Pay attention to combinations of letters when or just texts.
3. Don't get hung up. It is not necessary to immediately memorize these combinations and only then move directly to English. Learn as you go!
4. Buy paper or download a good e-book in order to quickly learn to recognize combinations and pronounce them correctly. Even if you, an adult, need it, don’t hesitate to take books for children - everything there is explained in detail and is not without interest.
5. Take the course « English from scratch» . This will make your path easier.

That's all, my dears. I hope you found it useful and understandable. I provide even more similar materials in the blog newsletter - subscribe and receive a dose of useful information regularly.

Connoisseurs of the English language and those who are studying it from scratch should become familiar with the peculiarities of pronunciation of individual sounds. This will help in the future to avoid problems with the pronunciation of certain words.

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Features of phonetics

To learn how to correctly pronounce words in English, you must first learn to pronounce all sounds without errors. To acquire this skill, English transcription is used, since this is the only guarantee of accurate pronunciation of words.

Each Russian-English dictionary has a transcription of English words that allows you to pronounce them in full accordance with the spelling norms of the British or American version.

Why do you need translation into Russian?

In English, almost every word is equivalent to several Russian analogues. To check this, just look into the dictionary of foreign vocabulary and familiarize yourself with the content.

In the standard English-Russian dictionary there are numerous lexical meanings that have not one or two equivalents in Russian, but at least five. This is due to the fact that the modern English language is very rich.

In addition to translating words, there is also a comprehensive database of pronunciation norms in the form of transcription, which allows you to learn how to correctly read and listen to foreign speech.

Techniques for improving pronunciation

There are different ways to improve the pronunciation of an English word. The fact is that this is a complex speech act. Only experience allows you to learn how to pronounce word forms correctly, without the need to constantly read theoretical reference books. The best option for achieving effective results is considered to be constant communication with native speakers of English.

We offer a basic list of methods that are used in the self-education system and in classrooms:

• daily training with a teacher, communication on simple topics;
• listening and repeating short phrases and words in English after the speaker;
• development of the laryngeal apparatus through the use of special phonetic techniques;
• reading aloud in Russian the most complex combinations of word forms that form speech competence with their translation.

All of the above methods are highly effective and provide the opportunity to learn independently. Experience of communicating with a teacher or native speaker is also important. This will significantly reduce the training time.

Lessons with a tutor

Features of pronunciation of individual words

Let's take the pronunciation of "the" for example. The sound of this word is particularly challenging for a number of reasons. Let's look at the main ones. To learn how to pronounce this combination correctly, you need to adhere to the following principles:

1. The tip of the tongue should rest against the hard palate. Without this moment it will definitely not be possible to pronounce a sound.
2. The back of the tongue should be in close contact with the larynx. Only in this case will the sound match the original. The back is always pulled back to create a gap between the laryngeal cavity as you exhale.
3. It is important to take into account the pronunciation methods of British speakers, as they differ significantly from the American version.
4. The sound of English words is considered one of the most difficult, due to the lack of similarities in other European languages.

But no matter how complex the theoretical component may seem, you can truly learn how to pronounce the sound “the” in Russian with constant practice. Otherwise, serious problems may arise, even if you have the desire to learn.

How to pronounce th correctly in English

How to learn correct pronunciation

Any teacher strives to ensure that his student can correctly pronounce sounds, first in Russian, and then in a foreign language. They are the basis of a deep understanding of context and the ability to convey one’s thoughts in another language. Phonetic exercises to develop the laryngeal apparatus can teach you how to pronounce English words correctly. They include the following points:

1. The skill of forming varying degrees of jaw lift to pronounce vowel sounds, in accordance with communication standards.
2. The duration of the operation usually does not exceed 15 minutes, but it turns out to be extremely useful upon deeper study.
3. All English sounds are divided into two types: upper and lower rise. To strictly adhere to pronunciation norms, they usually resort to the need for phonetic training.

Important! Every student speaking Russian should be aware that not a single English sound is similar to its Russian counterpart, since its pronunciation uses a different articulation, the degree of elevation of the tongue and contact with the larynx. It takes a lot of time to perfect the sound.

To pronounce English words correctly you need to practice every day

Activating skills

To learn to speak English easily and quickly, you need to do phonetic exercises in Russian. This is exactly the technique recommended by the best teachers in the world. In modern English there are 11 vowel sounds and their Russian analogues, which you can see in the table below:

The student should not be afraid that he will have to learn many new sounds. Yes, their analogues cannot be found in modern Russian, but the above classification allows us to understand their basic essence.

We also offer a list of English consonant sounds that every language learner should know. There are 24 of them in total:

Important! The notorious “th” sound can sound differently depending on its position in the word.

Practicing sounds and words

Practicing sounds cannot be accompanied only by a theoretical review. Since not a single English sound is similar to Russian, you can learn to pronounce it correctly only under the guidance of an experienced mentor. Trying on your own may result in failure.

Standard training occurs step by step, from simple variations to more complex ones. More than half of all sounds belong to the last category, since their pronunciation is difficult for the Russian speech apparatus.

Attention! The role of the teacher in the process of mastering English phonetics is difficult to overestimate. It provides the opportunity to avoid mistakes at the initial stage. Without preliminary preparation, the student risks becoming an object of misunderstanding in an English-speaking environment or in an authentic setting.

Let's look at how the word knight is read in English. Not every beginner will be able to read a given word in English right away without errors, relying only on the spelling component. The word “knight” has six letters, but the word is pronounced differently, not according to the letter combination. In this case there is only one syllable. In Russian it sounds like “night”. What is the reason for this dissonance? It's all about the historical development of the British dialect. This is important for both the common man and the experienced linguist to understand.

British is today considered one of the oldest dialects in Europe. Over the 1000 years of its existence, major changes have occurred in pronunciation standards. Today we have the opportunity to see as it became in the mid-nineteenth century. A deep understanding of changes in the field of phonetics and vocabulary became possible thanks to the work of reformers of literary form.

There are hundreds of words with significant differences in principles and pronunciation. Only a good knowledge of transcription makes it possible to learn to pronounce any British words.

Useful video: one of the English reading lessons from scratch

Conclusion

Now the reader understands how important correct pronunciation is. Without such an important aspect, further study may become pointless. High-quality study of the material, translation and transcription of words is necessary. Now you know how to learn a language in a short time and read syllables without errors.